如何实现自己的early stopping

转自： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/46428604/how-to-implement-early-stopping-in-tensorflow

ValidationMonitor被标记为已弃用。不推荐。但你仍然可以使用它。这是一个如何创建一个的例子：

validation_monitor = monitors.ValidationMonitor(
        input_fn=functools.partial(input_fn, subset="evaluation"),
        eval_steps=128,
        every_n_steps=88,
        early_stopping_metric="accuracy",
        early_stopping_rounds = 1000
    )

你可以自己实现，这里是我的实现：

if (loss_value < self.best_loss):
            self.stopping_step = 0
            self.best_loss = loss_value
          else:
            self.stopping_step += 1
          if self.stopping_step >= FLAGS.early_stopping_step:
            self.should_stop = True
            print("Early stopping is trigger at step: {} loss:{}".format(global_step,loss_value))
            run_context.request_stop()

这是我早期停止的实施你可以适应它：

早期停止可以在训练过程的某些阶段应用，例如在每个时期结束时。特别; 就我而言; 我监测每个时期的测试（验证）损失，并且在20时期（self.require_improvement= 20）之后测试损失没有改善之后，训练被中断。

您可以将最大纪元设置为10000或20000或任何您想要的（self.max_epochs = 10000）。

  self.require_improvement= 20
  self.max_epochs = 10000

这是我的训练功能，我使用早期停止：

def train（self）：

# training data
    train_input = self.Normalize(self.x_train)
    train_output = self.y_train.copy()            
#===============
    save_sess=self.sess # this used to compare the result of previous sess with actual one
# ===============
  #costs history :
    costs = []
    costs_inter=[]
# =================
  #for early stopping :
    best_cost=1000000 
    stop = False
    last_improvement=0
# ================
    n_samples = train_input.shape[0] # size of the training set
# ===============
   #train the mini_batches model using the early stopping criteria
    epoch = 0
    while epoch < self.max_epochs and stop == False:
        #train the model on the traning set by mini batches
        #suffle then split the training set to mini-batches of size self.batch_size
        seq =list(range(n_samples))
        random.shuffle(seq)
        mini_batches = [
            seq[k:k+self.batch_size]
            for k in range(0,n_samples, self.batch_size)
        ]

        avg_cost = 0. # The average cost of mini_batches
        step= 0

        for sample in mini_batches:

            batch_x = x_train.iloc[sample, :]
            batch_y =train_output.iloc[sample, :]
            batch_y = np.array(batch_y).flatten()

            feed_dict={self.X: batch_x,self.Y:batch_y, self.is_train:True}

            _, cost,acc=self.sess.run([self.train_step, self.loss_, self.accuracy_],feed_dict=feed_dict)
            avg_cost += cost *len(sample)/n_samples 
            print('epoch[{}] step [{}] train -- loss : {}, accuracy : {}'.format(epoch,step, avg_cost, acc))
            step += 100

        #cost history since the last best cost
        costs_inter.append(avg_cost)

        #early stopping based on the validation set/ max_steps_without_decrease of the loss value : require_improvement
        if avg_cost < best_cost:
            save_sess= self.sess # save session
            best_cost = avg_cost
            costs +=costs_inter # costs history of the validatio set
            last_improvement = 0
            costs_inter= []
        else:
            last_improvement +=1
        if last_improvement > self.require_improvement:
            print("No improvement found during the ( self.require_improvement) last iterations, stopping optimization.")
            # Break out from the loop.
            stop = True
            self.sess=save_sess # restore session with the best cost

        ## Run validation after every epoch : 
        print('---------------------------------------------------------')
        self.y_validation = np.array(self.y_validation).flatten()
        loss_valid, acc_valid = self.sess.run([self.loss_,self.accuracy_], 
                                              feed_dict={self.X: self.x_validation, self.Y: self.y_validation,self.is_train: True})
        print("Epoch: {0}, validation loss: {1:.2f}, validation accuracy: {2:.01%}".format(epoch + 1, loss_valid, acc_valid))
        print('---------------------------------------------------------')

        epoch +=1

我们可以在这里恢复重要的代码：

def train(self):
  ...
      #costs history :
        costs = []
        costs_inter=[]
      #for early stopping :
        best_cost=1000000 
        stop = False
        last_improvement=0
       #train the mini_batches model using the early stopping criteria
        epoch = 0
        while epoch < self.max_epochs and stop == False:
            ...
            for sample in mini_batches:
            ...                   
            #cost history since the last best cost
            costs_inter.append(avg_cost)

            #early stopping based on the validation set/ max_steps_without_decrease of the loss value : require_improvement
            if avg_cost < best_cost:
                save_sess= self.sess # save session
                best_cost = avg_cost
                costs +=costs_inter # costs history of the validatio set
                last_improvement = 0
                costs_inter= []
            else:
                last_improvement +=1
            if last_improvement > self.require_improvement:
                print("No improvement found during the ( self.require_improvement) last iterations, stopping optimization.")
                # Break out from the loop.
                stop = True
                self.sess=save_sess # restore session with the best cost
            ...
            epoch +=1

由于TensorFlow版本的r1.10早期停止钩子可用于估算器API early_stopping.py（参见github）。

例如tf.contrib.estimator.stop_if_no_decrease_hook（见文档）