webpack4 源码分析(一) 入口及webpack.js

webpack4 源码分析(一) 入口及webpack.js

1.命令行入口

一般来说,我们通过 npm run webpack --config xx.js ... 命令来启动webpack。
当我们在命令行运行以上命令后,npm会让命令行工具进入node_modules\.bin 目录查找是否存在 webpack.sh 或者 webpack.cmd 文件,如果存在,就执行,不存在,就抛出错误。

2. webpack.cmd

我们来看下 webpack.cmd 的内容:

@IF EXIST "%~dp0\node.exe" (
  "%~dp0\node.exe"  "%~dp0\..\webpack\bin\webpack.js" %*
) ELSE (
  @SETLOCAL
  @SET PATHEXT=%PATHEXT:;.JS;=;%
  node  "%~dp0\..\webpack\bin\webpack.js" %*
)

总体逻辑就是先判断当前目录下是否存在node执行文件,无论存不存在,最后都是使用node去执行 node_modules\webpack\bin\webpack.js

linux下的启动脚本逻辑也基本上一致。

从这里我们看到,实际入口文件就是 node_modules\webpack\bin\webpack.js

3. webpack.js

process.exitCode = 0;  //1
const runCommand = (command, args) =>{...};//2
const isInstalled = packageName =>{...};//3
const CLIs =[...];//4
const installedClis = CLIs.filter(cli => cli.installed); //5
if (installedClis.length === 0){...}else if (installedClis.length === 1){...}else{...}//6

这个文件里代码可以分为6步,分别说明如下:

  • 1:nodejs中表示执行成功,回调函数的err 将为null;
  • 2:一个用来运行命令行命令的函数;
  • 3:一个用来判断某个包是否安装的函数,利用了 require.resolve() 函数来检查包的路径是否存在
  • 4:一个用来存储webpack的cli工具信息的数组,实际上只包含两个:webpack-cliwebpack-conmand;
  • 5:一个用来存储已安装的webpack的cli工具信息的数组;
  • 6.:根据已安装的webpack命令行工具数量做不同的逻辑处理;

我们按照实际执行顺序看,首先要执行第6步的分支逻辑判断,首先要得到第5步的数组。
第5步则是利用了数组的filter() 方法,对第4步中定义的数组中的每一个元素进行了处理。我们先看下第4步中定义的数组内容:

const CLIs = [
	{
		name: "webpack-cli",
		package: "webpack-cli",
		binName: "webpack-cli",
		alias: "cli",
		installed: isInstalled("webpack-cli"),
		recommended: true,
		url: "https://github.com/webpack/webpack-cli",
		description: "The original webpack full-featured CLI."
	},
	{
		name: "webpack-command",
		package: "webpack-command",
		binName: "webpack-command",
		alias: "command",
		installed: isInstalled("webpack-command"),
		recommended: false,
		url: "https://github.com/webpack-contrib/webpack-command",
		description: "A lightweight, opinionated webpack CLI."
	}
];

可以看到,改数组中定义了两个对象,分别是webpack-cliwebpack-command 两个cli工具包的详细信息。
这两个对象都有一个名为installed的属性,使用了第3步所定义的方法检查了该依赖包是否已安装,如果检查结果为已安装,则会被filter()方法放到新生成的installedClis数组中。

现在,我们有了一个installedClis 数组,那么如果以上两个cli工具包都没有安装,它的长度就为 0 ,就会进入第6步的第一个分支处理,基本就是提示用户安装推荐的工具包(是否推荐以上面两个对象的recommended 属性决定),并给出安装命令。如下:

if (installedClis.length === 0) {
	const path = require("path");
	const fs = require("fs");
	const readLine = require("readline");
	
	//命令行输出信息的字符串定义
	let notify =
		"One CLI for webpack must be installed. These are recommended choices, delivered as separate packages:";

	//遍历CLIS数组,如果该cli工具是被推荐的,则输出相关信息
	for (const item of CLIs) {
		if (item.recommended) {
			notify += `\n - ${item.name} (${item.url})\n   ${item.description}`;
		}
	}

	console.error(notify);

	//判断包管理工具,yarn or npm?
	const isYarn = fs.existsSync(path.resolve(process.cwd(), "yarn.lock"));

	//根据不同的包管理工具推荐不同的包安装命令
	const packageManager = isYarn ? "yarn" : "npm";
	const installOptions = [isYarn ? "add" : "install", "-D"];

	console.error(
		`We will use "${packageManager}" to install the CLI via "${packageManager} ${installOptions.join(
			" "
		)}".`
	);

	//询问是否安装
	let question = `Do you want to install 'webpack-cli' (yes/no): `;

	const questionInterface = readLine.createInterface({
		input: process.stdin,
		output: process.stderr
	});

	// 根据用户回答结果,如果是yes,则自动安装,如果为no,则提示错误信息,并退出执行;如果安装出错,输出错误信息并退出执
	//行;如果安装成功,则引入webpack-cli 包并执行它
	questionInterface.question(question, answer => {
		questionInterface.close();

		const normalizedAnswer = answer.toLowerCase().startsWith("y");

		if (!normalizedAnswer) {
			console.error(
				"You need to install 'webpack-cli' to use webpack via CLI.\n" +
					"You can also install the CLI manually."
			);
			process.exitCode = 1;

			return;
		}

		const packageName = "webpack-cli";

		console.log(
			`Installing '${packageName}' (running '${packageManager} ${installOptions.join(
				" "
			)} ${packageName}')...`
		);

		runCommand(packageManager, installOptions.concat(packageName))
			.then(() => {
				require(packageName); //eslint-disable-line
			})
			.catch(error => {
				console.error(error);
				process.exitCode = 1;
			});
	});
}

如果安装了其中一个cli工具,则进入第二个分支,引入该工具并执行,如下:

else if (installedClis.length === 1) {
	const path = require("path");
	const pkgPath = require.resolve(`${installedClis[0].package}/package.json`);
	// eslint-disable-next-line node/no-missing-require
	const pkg = require(pkgPath);
	// eslint-disable-next-line node/no-missing-require
	require(path.resolve(
		path.dirname(pkgPath),
		pkg.bin[installedClis[0].binName]
	));
} 

如果是其他情况,则进入第三个分支,输出警告信息(只允许安装一种cli工具)并退出执行。如下:

else {
	console.warn(
		`You have installed ${installedClis
			.map(item => item.name)
			.join(
				" and "
			)} together. To work with the "webpack" command you need only one CLI package, please remove one of them or use them directly via their binary.`
	);

	// @ts-ignore
	process.exitCode = 1;
}

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