Iss150：Some people believe that corporations have a responsibility to promote the wellbeing of the societies and environments in which they operate. Others believe that the only responsibility of corporation, provided they opereate within the law, is to make as much money as possible.
Cash-Cow: survival, meet the desire of the employees: maximize the shareholder value is regarded as the ultimate goal of any profit-seeking opganizations in classics. Money supports the function of the organizations the purchase materials, process, and sell for money. Well justified process in nature: no one would deny their legal effort: survival = benefits for the employees and for the society. "exclude non-profit orgnizations"
\CSR: Cooperate-Social Responsibility: no denying that the social responsibilities are important: extract the benefits from the nature, from the society, should also reimburse the development of the nature and the society.
1. For the nature: sustainable development;
2. for thesociety: general prosperity, social fairness, better would to live and work.
CSR II: for the focus on the CSR = greater benefits in return = reputation: customer preferences = direct economic benefits: political support: comply with the political effort to boost sustainable development.
Cash-Cow II : It is only those survived who have the rights to discuss further in how to develop further strategies: cash = survival, non-survival = social burden: dismiss the employees = social problems, previous exploitation = useless effort = waste of both natural and social resources.
Iss149: In any field - business,, politics, education, government - those in power should be required to step down after five years.
8. Claim: In any field - business, politics, education, government - those in power should step down after five years. Reason: The surest path to success for any enterprise is revitalization through new leadership.
* 新 leadership: fresh concepts + innovation + guts = re-frame the problems & revise the development.
* continuity: leaders, who are experts in their own areas with knowledge, experience and resources, possess individual versions, pace of the leading, timetable to allocate the tasks and resources to ensure the advancement - long-term contract -> if hectic replacement = previous effort in vain. leaders manage project * political / commercial, analysis, researches, blurprint not easily captured by the public. If replacement often occurs, these would be too much interruption, and that means new leaders need and may need to re-do everything. That would hardly result in an improvement for the current system.
* any enterprise hasnumerous problems: enterprises, especially in business world, actions reflect instant consequences. This means the leader's incapability, would soon reflect in the market responses, either the loss in market share or the decreased sales. Therefore, immediate replacement can be a method of mitifgation. However, in the realm of education and social politics, long term contracts are needed in order for certain politicies and ideals to realize as education systems have been long established with various issues waiting to be solved, and these problems may take 5 years or even 20 years or longer to be corrected.
Iss146: The best test of an argument is the argument's ability to convince someone with an opposing viewpoint.
Convince: to some extent, totally make sense: for people whho possess opposing views, the reasoning process actually reveals/ involves careful explanation & elaboration of the initiatives, justification, consequences and risks, most of the time also being supported with scientifically conducted and summarized examples and data. = strong logic reasoning: convince the counterpart successfully = demonstrate the rationality behind that argument * one of the best tests of an argument: in historical debates, especially about extended explanations of religions and literatures, people developed many different genres, and they alweats held fierce discussion with each other, during which many people were convinced of probably an opposing view and changed their attitude. Such cases called the contention of a hundred schools of thought happened in ancient China during the Spring and Autumn and Warning period when one hundred reowned philosophers were trying to convince the others about how their arguments were the best in order to compete for followers.
Problems: respecting the diversity: being different must also hold some reasons. Should best test lie in the conviction, then the failure of any conviction should prove the fallact in the argument, which is certainly not the necessary case. People hold different opinions, and these opinions, with respect to say, partially reflect the truth of the reality and mainly reflect the personal belief and reinforce it. It is hard to say which is right or wrong, We should always hold the right attitude and discuss with respect, and their is no need to convince the others about your opinions. If our argument is well-versed enough to make the other parties to start thinking in a different viewpoint or spark some new ideas into others, we should already be contended.
Other approaches: one of the best ways is to seek common findings and establish consensus among those people who share tendency wowars such an argument, but not to go the extreme to convince those with toally opposing views. If one can achieve mainstream establishment, it would mean one's argument is quite strong. A good argument can influence people with mental proximity to genrate certain social wave, which extends to form mainstream ideologies.
Iss75: In this age of intensive media coverage, it is no longer possible for a society to regard any living man or woman as a hero.
No heroes:
1. Human nature people begin maintaining a critical attitude toward every celebrity, wondering about they potential dark secrets.
2. Media exposure: profit seeking media tends to expose the dark sides of all. Under the influence of large corporations, may media agencies would try their harded to draw attention, and there is almost nothing more eye catching that the downfall of celebrities.
3. Illusion that every hero should be perfect.
Yes heroes:
1. The celebrites themselves are not entirely susceptible to media scrutiny. The achievements of certain individuals = so outstanding that their glories are not easilly overshadowed by a few flaes. In the entire western pop music business in the past century, there is no bigger name than Michael Jackson. = hearing his death, the world grieves over the loss. If heroes ever existed, he certainly is one of them.
2. Human admire heroes: In the face of actual heroic actions, even the most critical man would sing eulogy. The 2007 New York Subwat hero Wesley Autrey has recieved awards from multiple media for his selfless act to saave another person under a running train. Despite a normal past Autrey had, all media unanimously treated him as a hero he deserves to be.
3. Not everyone would be so credulous as to believe every word from the media. Yes, there are those that are not used to crital and independent thinking. However, on the one hand, no one could deny that general public is continuously improving their social intelligence and fosters critical thinking when facing some sensational public issues. On the other hand, in most countries, most public media are controlled either by the government or giant corporation = to serve for the government propaganda or the benefits of those corporations. This fact alone makes their information dubitable, even when the information itself is accurate. Therefore, media scrutiny is hardly the decisive factor that makes or breaks a hero.
4. Media gives exposure to enexpected heroic acts.
Iss7: Some people believe that government funding of the arts is necessary to ensure that the arts can flourish and be available to all people. Otheres believe that government funding of the arts threatens the integrity of the arts.
保三分：
Intro；
1. 正
2. 反
3. 取中/ 正反都对
Body1： 正的好
Body2： 反的好
Conclusion：综上所述，我认为正面好，反面也好，所以这两个都重要/ 我认为两个取中比较好
176. The following appeared as part of an article in a Dillton newspaper.
"In an effort to bring new jobs to Dillton and stimulate the city's flagging economy, Dillton's city
council voted last year to lower the city's corporate tax rate by 15 percent; at the same time, the city
began offering generous relocation grants to any company that would move to Dillton. Since these
changes went into effect, two new factories have opened in Dillton. Although the two factories
employ more than 1,000 people, the unemployment rate in Dillton remains unchanged. The only
clear explanation for this is that the new factories are staffed with out-of-town workers rather than
Dillton residents.“
173. The following appeared in a letter to the editor of the Balmer Island Gazette.
"The population on Balmer Island doubles during the summer months. During the summer, then,
the town council of Balmer Island should decrease the maximum number of moped rentals allowed
at each of the island's six moped and bicycle rental companies from 50 per day to 30 per day. This
will significantly reduce the number of summertime accidents involving mopeds and pedestrians.
The neighboring island of Torseau actually saw a 50 percent reduction in moped accidents last year
when Torseau's town council enforced similar limits on moped rentals. To help reduce moped
accidents, therefore, we should also enforce these limitations during the summer months."
Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be
sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for
the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.
170. The following appeared in a memo from the vice president of a company that builds shopping
malls around the country.
"The surface of a section of Route 101, paved just two years ago by Good Intentions Roadways, is
now badly cracked with a number of dangerous potholes. In another part of the state, a section of
Route 40, paved by Appian Roadways more than four years ago, is still in good condition. In a
demonstration of their continuing commitment to quality, Appian Roadways recently purchased
state-of-the-art paving machinery and hired a new quality-control manager. Therefore, I recommend
hiring Appian Roadways to construct the access roads for all our new shopping malls. I predict that
our Appian access roads will not have to be repaired for at least four years."
Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide
whether the recommendation is likely to have the predicted result. Be sure to explain how the
answers to these questions would help to evaluate the recommendation.
168. The following is a letter that recently appeared in the Oak City Gazette, a local newspaper.
"The primary function of the Committee for a Better Oak City is to advise the city government on
how to make the best use of the city's limited budget. However, at some of our recent meetings we
failed to make important decisions because of the foolish objections raised by committee members
who are not even residents of Oak City. People who work in Oak City but who live elsewhere
cannot fully understand the business and politics of the city. After all, only Oak City residents pay
city taxes, and therefore only residents understand how that money could best be used to improve
the city. We recommend, then, that the Committee for a Better Oak City vote to restrict its
membership to city residents only. We predict that, without the interference of non-residents, the
committee will be able to make Oak City a better place in which to live and work."
Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide
whether the recommendation is likely to have the predicted result. Be sure to explain how the
answers to these questions would help to evaluate the recommendation.
64. Collectors prize the ancient life-size clay statues of human figures made on Kali Island but have
long wondered how Kalinese artists were able to depict bodies with such realistic precision. Since
archaeologists have recently discovered molds of human heads and hands on Kali, we can now
conclude that the ancient Kalinese artists used molds of actual bodies, not sculpting tools and
techniques, to create these statues. This discovery explains why Kalinese miniature statues were
abstract and entirely different in style: molds could be used only for life-size sculptures. It also
explains why few ancient Kalinese sculpting tools have been found. In light of this discovery,
collectors predict that the life-size sculptures will decrease in value while the miniatures increase in
value.
50. An ancient, traditional remedy for insomnia—the scent of lavender flowers—has now been
proved effective. In a recent study, 30 volunteers with chronic insomnia slept each night for three
weeks on lavender-scented pillows in a controlled room where their sleep was monitored
electronically. During the first week, volunteers continued to take their usual sleeping medication.
They slept soundly but wakened feeling tired. At the beginning of the second week, the volunteers
discontinued their sleeping medication. During that week, they slept less soundly than the previous
week and felt even more tired. During the third week, the volunteers slept longer and more soundly
than in the previous two weeks. Therefore, the study proves that lavender cures insomnia within a
short period of time.
Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument
and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.