倒装

为什么使用倒装?
恰当的使用倒装句,可以

  1. 强调语气
  2. 增强清楚性和简洁性
  3. 更流畅的衔接前后的句子

一. 比较级的倒装

比较 级的句型通常会涉及到两个从句的相互比较。这两个从句间应有重复的部分才能比较。一旦有重复的部分,就有省略的空间。但如果省略不当,就有可能导致句子存在二义性。

特点

  • 主语从句中的助动词或be动词不宜省略
  • 主语后面有较长的修饰语

分析

  • Girls like cats more than boys.
    boys可能做主语,也可能做宾语,存在二义性。
  • Girls like cats more than boys do.(做主语)
  • Girls like cats more than they like boys.(做宾语)
  • Girls like cats more than do boys, who as a rule are a cruel a lot.
    当后面存在修饰boys的句子的时候,为表达句子的清楚性,有要保持后面的定语从句紧挨现行词,就要使用倒装。

二. 假设语气的倒装

特点

在假设语气的副词从句中(往往由if引导),如果有be动词或者助动词,可以考虑倒装。加强简洁性。

分析

  • If I had been there,I could do something to help.(如果当时我在场,就能帮的上忙。)
  • Had I been there,I could have do something to help.(加强了简洁性。)

三. 引用句的倒装

特点

直接引句和间接引句都可以使用倒装来突出重点。

分析

  • The police said,"None was killed in the accident."(直接引语)
    警方说:“这场车祸无人死亡“。
  • “None was killed in the accident.” said the police.
    大家关心的是police说的话,而不是具体谁说的,使用倒装可以对说的事情起强调作用。

四. 地点副词

特点

地点副词放在句首,类似于there is/are的句型。修辞功能上在于强调语气、衔接上下文。

例句

  • There goes the train.(你看,车开走了)
    强调了动词goes,表示“正在开走”。
  • Here is your ticket for the opera!(你的歌剧票,拿去吧!)
  • In Loch Ness dwells a mysterious monster。(尼斯湖里住着一头神秘的水怪。)

在文章The longest suspension bridge in the world里:
He discribed it as a very agreeable situation located within two small hill in the midst of which flowed a great river。
这里使用了倒装,正常语序应该是A great river flowed in the midst of which...
which引导一个定于从句,指代前面的two small hill。

五. 否定副词开头的倒装

特点

如果把表示否定意味的副词(not, never, hardly)挪到句首,就得使用倒装。不同的语序,强调点不一样。

分析

  • We don't have such luck every day.
    我们不是每天都有这种运气。

  • Not every day do we have such luck.
    (强调“不是每一天”)

  • I will not stop waiting for you until you are married.
    除非你结婚,否则我会一直等你。

  • Not until you are married will I stop waiting for you.

注意

形成not only...but also ...的相关词组时,严格要求连接的对称。

  • Not only did he pass the exam but also scored at the top.(错误示例)
    前半句的倒装是对的,错在but后面的成分与前面的不对等。左边he passed the exam 是从句,而右边的scored at the top 却是动词短语。

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