比特币白皮书解读（激励机制）

6. Incentive

By convention, the first transaction in a block is a special transaction that starts a new coin owned by the creator of the block. This adds an incentive for nodes to support the network, and provides a way to initially distribute coins into circulation, since there is no central authority to issue them. The steady addition of a constant of amount of new coins is analogous to gold miners expending resources to add gold to circulation. In our case, it is CPU time and electricity that is expended.

我们约定如此：每个区块的第一笔交易进行特殊化处理，该交易产生一枚由该区块创造者拥有的新的电子货币。这样就增加了节点支持该网络的激励，并在没有中央集权机构发行货币的情况下，提供了一种将电子货币分配到流通领域的一种方法。这种将一定数量新货币持续增添到货币系统中的方法，非常类似于耗费资源去挖掘金矿并将黄金注入到流通领域。此时，CPU 的时间和电力消耗就是消耗的资源。

The incentive can also be funded with transaction fees. If the output value of a transaction is less than its input value, the difference is a transaction fee that is added to the incentive value of the block containing the transaction. Once a predetermined number of coins have entered circulation, the incentive can transition entirely to transaction fees and be completely inflation free.

另外一个激励的来源则是交易费。如果某笔交易的输出值小于输入值，那么差额就是交易费，该交易费将被增加到该区块的激励中。只要既定数量的电子货币已经进入流通，那么激励机制就可以逐渐转换为完全依靠交易费，那么本货币系统就能够免于通货膨胀。

The incentive may help encourage nodes to stay honest. If a greedy attacker is able to assemble more CPU power than all the honest nodes, he would have to choose between using it to defraud people by stealing back his payments, or using it to generate new coins. He ought to find it more profitable to play by the rules, such rules that favour him with more new coins than everyone else combined, than to undermine the system and the validity of his own wealth.

激励系统也有助于鼓励节点保持诚实。如果有一个贪婪的攻击者能够调集比所有诚实节点加起来还要多的CPU 计算力，那么他就面临一个选择：要么将其用于诚实工作产生新的电子货币，或者将其用于进行二次支付攻击。那么他就会发现，按照规则行事、诚实工作是更有利可图的。因为该等规则使得他能够拥有更多的电子货币，而不是破坏这个系统使得其自身财富的有效性受损。