前言
在Android View的测量，布局，绘制(一)（二）中，描述了View测量，和布局摆放，这篇文章，主要针对View的绘制进行讲解。
View的绘制，主要是在performDraw方法中进行。
##ViewRootImpl
private void performDraw() {
if (mAttachInfo.mDisplayState == Display.STATE_OFF && !mReportNextDraw) {
return;
} else if (mView == null) {
return;
}
//判断是否需要重新绘制全部视图
final boolean fullRedrawNeeded = mFullRedrawNeeded || mReportNextDraw; //1
...
try {
boolean canUseAsync = draw(fullRedrawNeeded); //2
if (usingAsyncReport && !canUseAsync) {
mAttachInfo.mThreadedRenderer.setFrameCompleteCallback(null);
usingAsyncReport = false;
}
} finally {
mIsDrawing = false;
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW);
}
...
}
注释1 fullRedrawNeeded 由mFullRedrawNeeded成员变量获取，它的作用是判断是否需要重新绘制全部视图，如果是第一次绘制视图，那么显然应该绘制所以的视图，如果由于某些原因，导致了视图重绘，那么就没有必要绘制所有视图。注释2绘制
##ViewRootImpl
private boolean draw(boolean fullRedrawNeeded) {
Surface surface = mSurface;
if (!surface.isValid()) {
return false;
}
...
//获取mDirty，该值表示需要绘制的区域
final Rect dirty = mDirty;
...
if (!dirty.isEmpty() || mIsAnimating || accessibilityFocusDirty) {
if (mAttachInfo.mThreadedRenderer != null && mAttachInfo.mThreadedRenderer.isEnabled()) {
...
} else {
...
if (!drawSoftware(surface, mAttachInfo, xOffset, yOffset,
scalingRequired, dirty, surfaceInsets)) {
return false;
}
}
}
...
return useAsyncReport;
}
首先是先获取了mDirty值，这里保存了需要重绘的区域的信息，。接着根据fullRedrawNeeded来判断是否需要重置dirty区域，最后调用了ViewRootImpl#drawSoftware方法
##ViewRootImpl
private boolean drawSoftware(Surface surface, AttachInfo attachInfo, int xoff, int yoff,
boolean scalingRequired, Rect dirty, Rect surfaceInsets) {
// Draw with software renderer.
final Canvas canvas;
...
try {
dirty.offset(-dirtyXOffset, -dirtyYOffset);
final int left = dirty.left;
final int top = dirty.top;
final int right = dirty.right;
final int bottom = dirty.bottom;
//锁定canvas区域，由dirty区域决定
canvas = mSurface.lockCanvas(dirty);
...
} catch (Surface.OutOfResourcesException e) {
handleOutOfResourcesException(e);
return false;
} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
...
return false;
} finally {
dirty.offset(dirtyXOffset, dirtyYOffset); // Reset to the original value.
}
try {
...
try {
...
mView.draw(canvas);
...
} finally {
if (!attachInfo.mSetIgnoreDirtyState) {
// Only clear the flag if it was not set during the mView.draw() call
attachInfo.mIgnoreDirtyState = false;
}
}
} finally {
...
}
return true;
}
可以看出，首先是实例化了Canvas对象，然后锁定该canvas的区域，由dirty区域决定，接着对canvas进行一系列的属性赋值，最后调用了mView.draw(canvas)方法，那么之前就讲过这里的mView就是我们的DectorView所以是从DectorView顶层开始绘制 那么之前的一切都是在进行准备一块画板具体的绘制实在mView.draw当中,这里将画板给入，而现在则是正式开始绘制流程。
##View
public void draw(Canvas canvas) {
final int privateFlags = mPrivateFlags;
final boolean dirtyOpaque = (privateFlags & PFLAG_DIRTY_MASK) == PFLAG_DIRTY_OPAQUE &&
(mAttachInfo == null || !mAttachInfo.mIgnoreDirtyState);
mPrivateFlags = (privateFlags & ~PFLAG_DIRTY_MASK) | PFLAG_DRAWN;
/*
* Draw traversal performs several drawing steps which must be executed
* in the appropriate order:
*
* 1. Draw the background
* 2. If necessary, save the canvas' layers to prepare for fading
* 3. Draw view's content
* 4. Draw children
* 5. If necessary, draw the fading edges and restore layers
* 6. Draw decorations (scrollbars for instance)
*/
// Step 1, draw the background, if needed
int saveCount;
if (!dirtyOpaque) {
drawBackground(canvas);
}
// skip step 2 & 5 if possible (common case)
final int viewFlags = mViewFlags;
boolean horizontalEdges = (viewFlags & FADING_EDGE_HORIZONTAL) != 0;
boolean verticalEdges = (viewFlags & FADING_EDGE_VERTICAL) != 0;
if (!verticalEdges && !horizontalEdges) {
// Step 3, draw the content
if (!dirtyOpaque) onDraw(canvas);
// Step 4, draw the children
dispatchDraw(canvas);
drawAutofilledHighlight(canvas);
// Overlay is part of the content and draws beneath Foreground
if (mOverlay != null && !mOverlay.isEmpty()) {
mOverlay.getOverlayView().dispatchDraw(canvas);
}
// Step 6, draw decorations (foreground, scrollbars)
onDrawForeground(canvas);
// Step 7, draw the default focus highlight
drawDefaultFocusHighlight(canvas);
if (debugDraw()) {
debugDrawFocus(canvas);
}
// we're done...
return;
}
/*
* Here we do the full fledged routine...
* (this is an uncommon case where speed matters less,
* this is why we repeat some of the tests that have been
* done above)
*/
boolean drawTop = false;
boolean drawBottom = false;
boolean drawLeft = false;
boolean drawRight = false;
float topFadeStrength = 0.0f;
float bottomFadeStrength = 0.0f;
float leftFadeStrength = 0.0f;
float rightFadeStrength = 0.0f;
// Step 2, save the canvas' layers
int paddingLeft = mPaddingLeft;
final boolean offsetRequired = isPaddingOffsetRequired();
if (offsetRequired) {
paddingLeft += getLeftPaddingOffset();
}
int left = mScrollX + paddingLeft;
int right = left + mRight - mLeft - mPaddingRight - paddingLeft;
int top = mScrollY + getFadeTop(offsetRequired);
int bottom = top + getFadeHeight(offsetRequired);
if (offsetRequired) {
right += getRightPaddingOffset();
bottom += getBottomPaddingOffset();
}
final ScrollabilityCache scrollabilityCache = mScrollCache;
final float fadeHeight = scrollabilityCache.fadingEdgeLength;
int length = (int) fadeHeight;
// clip the fade length if top and bottom fades overlap
// overlapping fades produce odd-looking artifacts
if (verticalEdges && (top + length > bottom - length)) {
length = (bottom - top) / 2;
}
// also clip horizontal fades if necessary
if (horizontalEdges && (left + length > right - length)) {
length = (right - left) / 2;
}
if (verticalEdges) {
topFadeStrength = Math.max(0.0f, Math.min(1.0f, getTopFadingEdgeStrength()));
drawTop = topFadeStrength * fadeHeight > 1.0f;
bottomFadeStrength = Math.max(0.0f, Math.min(1.0f, getBottomFadingEdgeStrength()));
drawBottom = bottomFadeStrength * fadeHeight > 1.0f;
}
if (horizontalEdges) {
leftFadeStrength = Math.max(0.0f, Math.min(1.0f, getLeftFadingEdgeStrength()));
drawLeft = leftFadeStrength * fadeHeight > 1.0f;
rightFadeStrength = Math.max(0.0f, Math.min(1.0f, getRightFadingEdgeStrength()));
drawRight = rightFadeStrength * fadeHeight > 1.0f;
}
saveCount = canvas.getSaveCount();
int solidColor = getSolidColor();
if (solidColor == 0) {
if (drawTop) {
canvas.saveUnclippedLayer(left, top, right, top + length);
}
if (drawBottom) {
canvas.saveUnclippedLayer(left, bottom - length, right, bottom);
}
if (drawLeft) {
canvas.saveUnclippedLayer(left, top, left + length, bottom);
}
if (drawRight) {
canvas.saveUnclippedLayer(right - length, top, right, bottom);
}
} else {
scrollabilityCache.setFadeColor(solidColor);
}
// Step 3, draw the content
if (!dirtyOpaque) onDraw(canvas);
// Step 4, draw the children
dispatchDraw(canvas);
// Step 5, draw the fade effect and restore layers
final Paint p = scrollabilityCache.paint;
final Matrix matrix = scrollabilityCache.matrix;
final Shader fade = scrollabilityCache.shader;
if (drawTop) {
matrix.setScale(1, fadeHeight * topFadeStrength);
matrix.postTranslate(left, top);
fade.setLocalMatrix(matrix);
p.setShader(fade);
canvas.drawRect(left, top, right, top + length, p);
}
if (drawBottom) {
matrix.setScale(1, fadeHeight * bottomFadeStrength);
matrix.postRotate(180);
matrix.postTranslate(left, bottom);
fade.setLocalMatrix(matrix);
p.setShader(fade);
canvas.drawRect(left, bottom - length, right, bottom, p);
}
if (drawLeft) {
matrix.setScale(1, fadeHeight * leftFadeStrength);
matrix.postRotate(-90);
matrix.postTranslate(left, top);
fade.setLocalMatrix(matrix);
p.setShader(fade);
canvas.drawRect(left, top, left + length, bottom, p);
}
if (drawRight) {
matrix.setScale(1, fadeHeight * rightFadeStrength);
matrix.postRotate(90);
matrix.postTranslate(right, top);
fade.setLocalMatrix(matrix);
p.setShader(fade);
canvas.drawRect(right - length, top, right, bottom, p);
}
canvas.restoreToCount(saveCount);
drawAutofilledHighlight(canvas);
// Overlay is part of the content and draws beneath Foreground
if (mOverlay != null && !mOverlay.isEmpty()) {
mOverlay.getOverlayView().dispatchDraw(canvas);
}
// Step 6, draw decorations (foreground, scrollbars)
onDrawForeground(canvas);
if (debugDraw()) {
debugDrawFocus(canvas);
}
}
可以看到，draw过程比较复杂，但是逻辑十分清晰，而官方注释也清楚地说明了每一步的做法。我们首先来看一开始的标记位dirtyOpaque，该标记位的作用是判断当前View是否是透明的，如果View是透明的，那么根据下面的逻辑可以看出，将不会执行一些步骤，比如绘制背景、绘制内容等。这样很容易理解，因为一个View既然是透明的，那就没必要绘制它了。接着是绘制流程的六个步骤，这里先小结这六个步骤分别是什么，然后再展开来讲。
绘制流程的六个步骤：
1、对View的背景进行绘制
2、保存当前的图层信息
3、绘制View的内容
4、对View的子View进行绘制(如果有子View)
5、绘制View的褪色的边缘，类似于阴影效果
6、绘制View的装饰
1.画背景
##View
private void drawBackground(Canvas canvas) {
//mBackground是该View的背景参数，比如背景颜色
final Drawable background = mBackground;
if (background == null) {
return;
}
//根据View四个布局参数来确定背景的边界
setBackgroundBounds();
// Attempt to use a display list if requested.
if (canvas.isHardwareAccelerated() && mAttachInfo != null
&& mAttachInfo.mThreadedRenderer != null) {
mBackgroundRenderNode = getDrawableRenderNode(background, mBackgroundRenderNode);
final RenderNode renderNode = mBackgroundRenderNode;
if (renderNode != null && renderNode.isValid()) {
setBackgroundRenderNodeProperties(renderNode);
((DisplayListCanvas) canvas).drawRenderNode(renderNode);
return;
}
}
//获取当前View的mScrollX和mScrollY值
final int scrollX = mScrollX;
final int scrollY = mScrollY;
//如果有值，则偏移之后重新绘制
if ((scrollX | scrollY) == 0) {
background.draw(canvas);
} else {
//偏移位置
canvas.translate(scrollX, scrollY);
background.draw(canvas);
canvas.translate(-scrollX, -scrollY);
}
}
##View
void setBackgroundBounds() {
if (mBackgroundSizeChanged && mBackground != null) {
//设置背景四个参数
mBackground.setBounds(0, 0, mRight - mLeft, mBottom - mTop);
mBackgroundSizeChanged = false;
rebuildOutline();
}
}
2.第二步渐变图像保存和第五步渐变图像恢复，今天不做讲解。暂时跳过，我们后面课程Canvas里面细说，那么在这里看到第三步调用了onDraw,View中该方法是一个空实现，这里同理于之前的onMeasure和onLayout因为不同的View有着不同的内容，这需要自己去实现，即在自定义View中重写该方法来实现
3.在第四步的dispatchDraw(canvas);当中，这个方法一直迭代子view，以ViewGroup为例（这个方法也一样， 是由子View重写）
##ViewGroup
protected void dispatchDraw(Canvas canvas) {
boolean usingRenderNodeProperties = canvas.isRecordingFor(mRenderNode);
final int childrenCount = mChildrenCount;
final View[] children = mChildren;
int flags = mGroupFlags;
if ((flags & FLAG_RUN_ANIMATION) != 0 && canAnimate()) {
final boolean buildCache = !isHardwareAccelerated();
for (int i = 0; i < childrenCount; i++) {
final View child = children[i];
if ((child.mViewFlags & VISIBILITY_MASK) == VISIBLE) {
final LayoutParams params = child.getLayoutParams();
attachLayoutAnimationParameters(child, params, i, childrenCount);
bindLayoutAnimation(child);
}
}
final LayoutAnimationController controller = mLayoutAnimationController;
if (controller.willOverlap()) {
mGroupFlags |= FLAG_OPTIMIZE_INVALIDATE;
}
controller.start();
mGroupFlags &= ~FLAG_RUN_ANIMATION;
mGroupFlags &= ~FLAG_ANIMATION_DONE;
if (mAnimationListener != null) {
mAnimationListener.onAnimationStart(controller.getAnimation());
}
}
int clipSaveCount = 0;
final boolean clipToPadding = (flags & CLIP_TO_PADDING_MASK) == CLIP_TO_PADDING_MASK;
if (clipToPadding) {
clipSaveCount = canvas.save(Canvas.CLIP_SAVE_FLAG);
canvas.clipRect(mScrollX + mPaddingLeft, mScrollY + mPaddingTop,
mScrollX + mRight - mLeft - mPaddingRight,
mScrollY + mBottom - mTop - mPaddingBottom);
}
// We will draw our child's animation, let's reset the flag
mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_DRAW_ANIMATION;
mGroupFlags &= ~FLAG_INVALIDATE_REQUIRED;
boolean more = false;
final long drawingTime = getDrawingTime();
if (usingRenderNodeProperties) canvas.insertReorderBarrier();
final int transientCount = mTransientIndices == null ? 0 : mTransientIndices.size();
int transientIndex = transientCount != 0 ? 0 : -1;
// Only use the preordered list if not HW accelerated, since the HW pipeline will do the
// draw reordering internally
final ArrayList preorderedList = usingRenderNodeProperties
? null : buildOrderedChildList();
final boolean customOrder = preorderedList == null
&& isChildrenDrawingOrderEnabled();
for (int i = 0; i < childrenCount; i++) {
while (transientIndex >= 0 && mTransientIndices.get(transientIndex) == i) {
final View transientChild = mTransientViews.get(transientIndex);
if ((transientChild.mViewFlags & VISIBILITY_MASK) == VISIBLE ||
transientChild.getAnimation() != null) {
more |= drawChild(canvas, transientChild, drawingTime);
}
transientIndex++;
if (transientIndex >= transientCount) {
transientIndex = -1;
}
}
final int childIndex = getAndVerifyPreorderedIndex(childrenCount, i, customOrder);
final View child = getAndVerifyPreorderedView(preorderedList, children, childIndex);
if ((child.mViewFlags & VISIBILITY_MASK) == VISIBLE || child.getAnimation() != null) {
more |= drawChild(canvas, child, drawingTime);
}
}
...
}
源码很长，这里简单讲下，里面主要遍历了所以子View，每个子View都调用了drawChild这个方法，我们找到这个方法
##ViewGroup
protected boolean drawChild(Canvas canvas, View child, long drawingTime) {
return child.draw(canvas, this, drawingTime);
}
这里开始调用了子view的draw，
同样开始向下遍历
那么此时，其实同理于我门之前的测量和布局，父容器取得所有子控件开始遍历，调用子控件让子控件自己调用自己的draw开始绘制自己
逻辑很清晰，都是先设定绘制区域，然后利用canvas进行绘制。
那么，到目前为止，View的绘制流程也讲述完毕了。讲解这个UI绘制流程时主要目的是从源码分析出原理，流程， 透过流程知道我们能干嘛，对于自定义控件开发的时候， 根据顶层源码的流程，原理，我们能够明白，其实测量，布局，和绘制这三个流程最终都是调用到onMeasure,onLayout,onDraw让控件自己去完成的，只不过系统组件已经按照它们自己的规则去完成了自己想要实现的效果，那么我们同样是根据顺序，原理，去施加自己的业务，完成自己想要的自定义控件。
那么在这里UI绘制流程暂时告一段落。
备注：文中Android源码版本9.0
作者:Alan
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