SDWebImage主要使用SDImageCache来缓存图片,实现了内存存取和磁盘存取还有一系列的处理。下面分析它的源码。本文分析的版本为4.4.3。首先来看一下它对开发者暴露的接口。
属性
首先我们来看一下它的属性
#pragma mark - Properties
//配置
@property (nonatomic, nonnull, readonly) SDImageCacheConfig *config;
//最大内存大小
@property (assign, nonatomic) NSUInteger maxMemoryCost;
//最大内存数量
@property (assign, nonatomic) NSUInteger maxMemoryCountLimit;
这3个属性都是可配置的属性,其中maxMemoryCost和maxMemoryCountLimit用于配置其内部的NSCache,config则负责大部分的配置,下面是它内部的属性。
@interface SDImageCacheConfig : NSObject
//是否解压缩图片,默认为YES
@property (assign, nonatomic) BOOL shouldDecompressImages;
//是否禁用iCloud备份,默认为YES
@property (assign, nonatomic) BOOL shouldDisableiCloud;
//是否缓存一份到内存中,默认为YES
@property (assign, nonatomic) BOOL shouldCacheImagesInMemory;
//是否额外存一份弱引用的缓存,默认为YES
@property (assign, nonatomic) BOOL shouldUseWeakMemoryCache;
//从磁盘读取图片的配置项,默认是NSDataReadingMappedIfSafe,也就是使用文件映射内存的方式,是不消耗内存的
@property (assign, nonatomic) NSDataReadingOptions diskCacheReadingOptions;
//写文件的配置项,默认是NSDataWritingAtomic,也就是会覆盖原有的文件
@property (assign, nonatomic) NSDataWritingOptions diskCacheWritingOptions;
//图片在磁盘的最大时间,默认是一周
@property (assign, nonatomic) NSInteger maxCacheAge;
//图片在磁盘的最大大小,默认是0,即没有限制
@property (assign, nonatomic) NSUInteger maxCacheSize;
//清除磁盘缓存是基于什么清除,默认是SDImageCacheConfigExpireTypeModificationDate,即基于图片修改时间
@property (assign, nonatomic) SDImageCacheConfigExpireType diskCacheExpireType;
@end
可以看出SDImageCacheConfig中大多数配置都是跟磁盘相关的。
初始化方法
//单例
+ (nonnull instancetype)sharedImageCache;
//新建一个存储类,如果是用init方法创建,默认传入的是default
- (nonnull instancetype)initWithNamespace:(nonnull NSString *)ns;
//全能初始化方法,比起上一个方法,额外指定了存储目录,默认目录是在Cache/default的文件夹下
- (nonnull instancetype)initWithNamespace:(nonnull NSString *)ns
diskCacheDirectory:(nonnull NSString *)directory NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
其全能初始化方法的实现如下:
- (nonnull instancetype)initWithNamespace:(nonnull NSString *)ns
diskCacheDirectory:(nonnull NSString *)directory {
if ((self = [super init])) {
NSString *fullNamespace = [@"com.hackemist.SDWebImageCache." stringByAppendingString:ns];
//创建专门读写磁盘的队列,注意是并发
_ioQueue = dispatch_queue_create("com.hackemist.SDWebImageCache", DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL);
//初始化配置config
_config = [[SDImageCacheConfig alloc] init];
//初始化内存空间
_memCache = [[SDMemoryCache alloc] initWithConfig:_config];
_memCache.name = fullNamespace;
//初始化存储目录
if (directory != nil) {
_diskCachePath = [directory stringByAppendingPathComponent:fullNamespace];
} else {
NSString *path = [self makeDiskCachePath:ns];
_diskCachePath = path;
}
dispatch_sync(_ioQueue, ^{
self.fileManager = [NSFileManager new];
});
//注册通知,大意就是在程序进后台和退出的时候,清理一下磁盘
[[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:self
selector:@selector(deleteOldFiles)
name:UIApplicationWillTerminateNotification
object:nil];
[[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:self
selector:@selector(backgroundDeleteOldFiles)
name:UIApplicationDidEnterBackgroundNotification
object:nil];
}
return self;
}
其中,makeDiskCachePath也是个暴露的方法:
- (nullable NSString *)makeDiskCachePath:(nonnull NSString*)fullNamespace {
NSArray *paths = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSCachesDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);
return [paths[0] stringByAppendingPathComponent:fullNamespace];
}
显然文件的目录基本都在Cache目录下。
内存存储设计
这个类是使用SDMemoryCache来进行存储,它继承自NSCache,而在这个类中,又持有了一个weakCache属性弱引用着内存,它实际上是在config中的shouldUseWeakMemoryCache置为YES才有效的。
@interface SDMemoryCache : NSCache
@end
@interface SDMemoryCache ()
//配置
@property (nonatomic, strong, nonnull) SDImageCacheConfig *config;
//弱引用缓存
@property (nonatomic, strong, nonnull) NSMapTable *weakCache;
//信号量的锁
@property (nonatomic, strong, nonnull) dispatch_semaphore_t weakCacheLock;
- (instancetype)initWithConfig:(nonnull SDImageCacheConfig *)config;
@end
首先里面的NSMapTable相当于一个字典,他的相关知识可以参看这篇文章,总的来说,它可以设置键和值是赋值方式,当设置键的赋值方式为Copy,值的赋值方式为Strong的时候,它就相当于NSMutableDictionary。
它自身也是一个NSCache,但与父类不一样的是,它多了一个收到内存警告,删除父类所有对象的功能。
- (void)dealloc {
[[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] removeObserver:self name:UIApplicationDidReceiveMemoryWarningNotification object:nil];
}
- (instancetype)initWithConfig:(SDImageCacheConfig *)config {
self = [super init];
if (self) {
//weakCache是一个键是强引用,值是弱引用的MapTable
self.weakCache = [[NSMapTable alloc] initWithKeyOptions:NSPointerFunctionsStrongMemory valueOptions:NSPointerFunctionsWeakMemory capacity:0];
self.weakCacheLock = dispatch_semaphore_create(1);
self.config = config;
[[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:self
selector:@selector(didReceiveMemoryWarning:)
name:UIApplicationDidReceiveMemoryWarningNotification
object:nil];
}
return self;
}
- (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning:(NSNotification *)notification {
//移除父类的对象
[super removeAllObjects];
}
可以看出,在收到内存警告的时候,仅仅清除了父类的对象,并没有清除weakCache的对象,因为是弱引用类型,也不用手动清除。
接下来就是一些操作内存的时候对weakCache的一些同步操作方法:
//setObject的相关方法都会调到这里来,因此只需重写这个方法
- (void)setObject:(id)obj forKey:(id)key cost:(NSUInteger)g {
[super setObject:obj forKey:key cost:g];
if (!self.config.shouldUseWeakMemoryCache) {
return;
}
if (key && obj) {
LOCK(self.weakCacheLock);
[self.weakCache setObject:obj forKey:key];
UNLOCK(self.weakCacheLock);
}
}
- (id)objectForKey:(id)key {
//先看看自身有没有这个值
id obj = [super objectForKey:key];
if (!self.config.shouldUseWeakMemoryCache) {
return obj;
}
if (key && !obj) {
//从缓存找,找到的话重新设置回去
LOCK(self.weakCacheLock);
obj = [self.weakCache objectForKey:key];
UNLOCK(self.weakCacheLock);
if (obj) {
NSUInteger cost = 0;
if ([obj isKindOfClass:[UIImage class]]) {
cost = SDCacheCostForImage(obj);
}
[super setObject:obj forKey:key cost:cost];
}
}
return obj;
}
//移除的时候,weakCache也需要同步移除
- (void)removeObjectForKey:(id)key {
[super removeObjectForKey:key];
if (!self.config.shouldUseWeakMemoryCache) {
return;
}
if (key) {
LOCK(self.weakCacheLock);
[self.weakCache removeObjectForKey:key];
UNLOCK(self.weakCacheLock);
}
}
- (void)removeAllObjects {
[super removeAllObjects];
if (!self.config.shouldUseWeakMemoryCache) {
return;
}
LOCK(self.weakCacheLock);
[self.weakCache removeAllObjects];
UNLOCK(self.weakCacheLock);
}
这一块代码容易读懂,主要思想是在NSCache因为某些原因清除的时候在内存中仍然维持着一份弱引用,只要这些弱引用的对象仍然被其他对象(比如UIImageView)所持有,那仍然会在该类中找到。
虽然这里引入了SDImageCacheConfig,但是实际上只使用了它的shouldUseWeakMemoryCache属性,虽然代码看上去并没有直接设置shouldUseWeakMemoryCache这个成员属性来得好,但是以后扩展起来会容易一些。
存储图片方法
这个文件暴露了很多存图片的API,大部分都会调到下面的方法中来:
- (void)storeImage:(nullable UIImage *)image
imageData:(nullable NSData *)imageData
forKey:(nullable NSString *)key
toDisk:(BOOL)toDisk
completion:(nullable SDWebImageNoParamsBlock)completionBlock {
//没有图片和存储键直接返回
if (!image || !key) {
if (completionBlock) {
completionBlock();
}
return;
}
//内存存一份
if (self.config.shouldCacheImagesInMemory) {
NSUInteger cost = SDCacheCostForImage(image);
[self.memCache setObject:image forKey:key cost:cost];
}
if (toDisk) {
dispatch_async(self.ioQueue, ^{
//这里的data比较大,存到磁盘后需要及时释放掉,不能让其继续占用内存
@autoreleasepool {
NSData *data = imageData;
if (!data && image) {
//如果data为nil,则转换为data存储
SDImageFormat format;
if (SDCGImageRefContainsAlpha(image.CGImage)) {
format = SDImageFormatPNG;
} else {
format = SDImageFormatJPEG;
}
data = [[SDWebImageCodersManager sharedInstance] encodedDataWithImage:image format:format];
}
//磁盘存一份,这个方法会阻塞线程
[self _storeImageDataToDisk:data forKey:key];
}
if (completionBlock) {
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
completionBlock();
});
}
});
} else {
if (completionBlock) {
completionBlock();
}
}
}
- (void)_storeImageDataToDisk:(nullable NSData *)imageData forKey:(nullable NSString *)key {
if (!imageData || !key) {
return;
}
if (![self.fileManager fileExistsAtPath:_diskCachePath]) {
[self.fileManager createDirectoryAtPath:_diskCachePath withIntermediateDirectories:YES attributes:nil error:NULL];
}
//返回MD5后的字符串,这一步也是耗时的
NSString *cachePathForKey = [self defaultCachePathForKey:key];
NSURL *fileURL = [NSURL fileURLWithPath:cachePathForKey];
//写文件
[imageData writeToURL:fileURL options:self.config.diskCacheWritingOptions error:nil];
if (self.config.shouldDisableiCloud) {
//不让该文件被iCloud备份
[fileURL setResourceValue:@YES forKey:NSURLIsExcludedFromBackupKey error:nil];
}
}
所有关于磁盘的耗时操作都放在ioQueue里操作,这样保证了主线程的正常运行。
获取图片方法
读取图片的方法有很多,其中先从最常用的方法讲起:
- (nullable UIImage *)imageFromCacheForKey:(nullable NSString *)key {
//先从缓存读
UIImage *image = [self imageFromMemoryCacheForKey:key];
if (image) {
return image;
}
//缓存找不到,就从磁盘找
image = [self imageFromDiskCacheForKey:key];
return image;
}
其中,imageFromMemoryCacheForKey这个方法比较简单,无非就是从memCache中读取而已,这里就不贴代码了。
imageFromDiskCacheForKey这个方法的实现如下:
- (nullable UIImage *)imageFromDiskCacheForKey:(nullable NSString *)key {
UIImage *diskImage = [self diskImageForKey:key];
if (diskImage && self.config.shouldCacheImagesInMemory) {
//重新将图片放进内存
NSUInteger cost = SDCacheCostForImage(diskImage);
[self.memCache setObject:diskImage forKey:key cost:cost];
}
return diskImage;
}
- (nullable UIImage *)diskImageForKey:(nullable NSString *)key {
//先读取出数据
NSData *data = [self diskImageDataForKey:key];
//再将数据转成图片
return [self diskImageForKey:key data:data];
}
从磁盘中读取图片主要分成2个步骤,一是从磁盘中读取出数据,二是将数据转化为图片。
- (nullable NSData *)diskImageDataForKey:(nullable NSString *)key {
if (!key) {
return nil;
}
__block NSData *imageData = nil;
//在ioQueue,阻塞当前线程
dispatch_sync(self.ioQueue, ^{
imageData = [self diskImageDataBySearchingAllPathsForKey:key];
});
return imageData;
}
- (nullable NSData *)diskImageDataBySearchingAllPathsForKey:(nullable NSString *)key {
//MD5字符串
NSString *defaultPath = [self defaultCachePathForKey:key];
NSData *data = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:defaultPath options:self.config.diskCacheReadingOptions error:nil];
if (data) {
return data;
}
//现在默认路径上找
data = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:defaultPath.stringByDeletingPathExtension options:self.config.diskCacheReadingOptions error:nil];
if (data) {
return data;
}
//如果默认路径没找到,则在其他路径找,这些路径可由开发者配置
NSArray *customPaths = [self.customPaths copy];
for (NSString *path in customPaths) {
NSString *filePath = [self cachePathForKey:key inPath:path];
NSData *imageData = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:filePath options:self.config.diskCacheReadingOptions error:nil];
if (imageData) {
return imageData;
}
imageData = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:filePath.stringByDeletingPathExtension options:self.config.diskCacheReadingOptions error:nil];
if (imageData) {
return imageData;
}
}
return nil;
}
- (nullable UIImage *)diskImageForKey:(nullable NSString *)key data:(nullable NSData *)data {
return [self diskImageForKey:key data:data options:0];
}
- (nullable UIImage *)diskImageForKey:(nullable NSString *)key data:(nullable NSData *)data options:(SDImageCacheOptions)options {
if (data) {
//图片解码
UIImage *image = [[SDWebImageCodersManager sharedInstance] decodedImageWithData:data];
//这里主要是进行图片放大、动图的操作
image = [self scaledImageForKey:key image:image];
if (self.config.shouldDecompressImages) {
BOOL shouldScaleDown = options & SDImageCacheScaleDownLargeImages;
//解压图片
image = [[SDWebImageCodersManager sharedInstance] decompressedImageWithImage:image data:&data options:@{SDWebImageCoderScaleDownLargeImagesKey: @(shouldScaleDown)}];
}
return image;
} else {
return nil;
}
}
除了同步获取图片的方法,该类还提供了异步获取图片的方法,其原理基本是一样的,这里仅贴出接口:
- (nullable NSOperation *)queryCacheOperationForKey:(nullable NSString *)key options:(SDImageCacheOptions)options done:(nullable SDCacheQueryCompletedBlock)doneBlock;
他返回了一个NSOperation,开发者可以通过这个Operation中断查找。
删除图片方法
删除图片的实现如下:
- (void)removeImageForKey:(nullable NSString *)key withCompletion:(nullable SDWebImageNoParamsBlock)completion {
[self removeImageForKey:key fromDisk:YES withCompletion:completion];
}
- (void)removeImageForKey:(nullable NSString *)key fromDisk:(BOOL)fromDisk withCompletion:(nullable SDWebImageNoParamsBlock)completion {
if (key == nil) {
return;
}
//从缓存删除
if (self.config.shouldCacheImagesInMemory) {
[self.memCache removeObjectForKey:key];
}
if (fromDisk) {
//在ioQueue中从磁盘中删除
dispatch_async(self.ioQueue, ^{
[self.fileManager removeItemAtPath:[self defaultCachePathForKey:key] error:nil];
if (completion) {
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
completion();
});
}
});
} else if (completion){
completion();
}
}
可以看出,删除图片的操作还是比较简单的。
此外,还有清除内存、清除磁盘的方法,代码也比较简单,这里就不贴出来了。
删除磁盘旧图片功能实现
SDImageCache还可以定期删除磁盘中的图片,其实现方式是在程序进入后台或者程序结束时,调用下面这个方法:
- (void)deleteOldFilesWithCompletionBlock:(nullable SDWebImageNoParamsBlock)completionBlock {
dispatch_async(self.ioQueue, ^{
NSURL *diskCacheURL = [NSURL fileURLWithPath:self.diskCachePath isDirectory:YES];
//选择是根据修改时间还是根据创建时间清除老文件
NSURLResourceKey cacheContentDateKey = NSURLContentModificationDateKey;
switch (self.config.diskCacheExpireType) {
case SDImageCacheConfigExpireTypeAccessDate:
cacheContentDateKey = NSURLContentAccessDateKey;
break;
case SDImageCacheConfigExpireTypeModificationDate:
cacheContentDateKey = NSURLContentModificationDateKey;
break;
default:
break;
}
//清除文件,只需要知道文件是否是文件夹、时间以及占用大小3个信息
NSArray *resourceKeys = @[NSURLIsDirectoryKey, cacheContentDateKey, NSURLTotalFileAllocatedSizeKey];
//获取文件的迭代
NSDirectoryEnumerator *fileEnumerator = [self.fileManager enumeratorAtURL:diskCacheURL
includingPropertiesForKeys:resourceKeys
options:NSDirectoryEnumerationSkipsHiddenFiles
errorHandler:NULL];
//得到过期的时间
NSDate *expirationDate = [NSDate dateWithTimeIntervalSinceNow:-self.config.maxCacheAge];
NSMutableDictionary *> *cacheFiles = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
NSUInteger currentCacheSize = 0;
NSMutableArray *urlsToDelete = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
for (NSURL *fileURL in fileEnumerator) {
NSError *error;
NSDictionary *resourceValues = [fileURL resourceValuesForKeys:resourceKeys error:&error];
//排除错误的文件以及文件夹
if (error || !resourceValues || [resourceValues[NSURLIsDirectoryKey] boolValue]) {
continue;
}
//如果文件过期,则添加到待删除的数组中
NSDate *modifiedDate = resourceValues[cacheContentDateKey];
if ([[modifiedDate laterDate:expirationDate] isEqualToDate:expirationDate]) {
[urlsToDelete addObject:fileURL];
continue;
}
//如果没有过期,则计算其占用大小
NSNumber *totalAllocatedSize = resourceValues[NSURLTotalFileAllocatedSizeKey];
currentCacheSize += totalAllocatedSize.unsignedIntegerValue;
cacheFiles[fileURL] = resourceValues;
}
for (NSURL *fileURL in urlsToDelete) {
[self.fileManager removeItemAtURL:fileURL error:nil];
}
//如果这个时候总大小仍比配置的大小要大,则按照时间删除文件,知道文件总大小小于配置大小的一半
if (self.config.maxCacheSize > 0 && currentCacheSize > self.config.maxCacheSize) {
const NSUInteger desiredCacheSize = self.config.maxCacheSize / 2;
NSArray *sortedFiles = [cacheFiles keysSortedByValueWithOptions:NSSortConcurrent usingComparator:^NSComparisonResult(id obj1, id obj2) { return [obj1[cacheContentDateKey] compare:obj2[cacheContentDateKey]];
}];
for (NSURL *fileURL in sortedFiles) {
if ([self.fileManager removeItemAtURL:fileURL error:nil]) {
NSDictionary *resourceValues = cacheFiles[fileURL];
NSNumber *totalAllocatedSize = resourceValues[NSURLTotalFileAllocatedSizeKey];
currentCacheSize -= totalAllocatedSize.unsignedIntegerValue;
if (currentCacheSize < desiredCacheSize) {
break;
}
}
}
}
if (completionBlock) {
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
completionBlock();
});
}
});
}
总结
总的来说,缓存的逻辑主要复杂在磁盘的读写上,所有的磁盘操作都放在io线程上读取。此外,在内存上使用NSCache+NSMapTable而不是NSDictionary存储图片,也值得我们借鉴。