Economist 210227 本周政坛 politics this week

【非洲】

Ghana became the first country to receive vaccine for covid-19 through the COVAX programme, a global coalition which distributes free doses to poor countries and is backed by the World Health Organisation. Ghana’s shots were provided by India. Amid calls to speed up the delivery of jabs(注射) outside the rich world, the leaders of the G7 pledged more funding for COVAX. America is providing $4bn, but it is resisting calls to share its stock of vaccine, until it finishes its inoculation(接种) drive.

加纳成为第一个通过COVAX计划(Covid-19 Vaccines Global Access plan 全球新冠疫苗接种计划)获得新冠疫苗的国家,该计划是一个全球协作计划,由世界卫生组织支持,向贫穷国家分发免费疫苗。加纳的疫苗由印度提供。在呼吁加快向富裕国家以外地区运送疫苗的基础之上,G7领导人(美国、加拿大、英国、法国、德国、意大利、日本)承诺为COVAX提供更多资金。美国目前拟提供40亿美元,但拒绝在本国完成接种行动前分享其疫苗库存。

Italy’s ambassador to the Democratic Republic of Congo was shot dead near Goma after a UN food convoy he was travelling in was ambushed.

意大利刚果民主共和国大使在跟随联合国粮食护卫队来到戈马附近时,遇到伏击并遭枪杀。

Mohamed Bazoum, a former foreign minister, was declared the winner of a presidential election in Niger.

前外交部长穆罕默德·巴祖姆(Mohamed Bazoum)成功通过竞选当选尼日尔总统。


【美洲】

Brazil’s president, Jair Bolsonaro, sacked the head of Petrobras, the state oil company, and replaced him with a general. His apparent intention was to placate(安抚) lorry drivers, who are threatening to strike over rising fuel prices. Brazil’s stock market fell, reflecting fears that Mr Bolsonaro will adopt more populist economic policies.

巴西总统雅伊尔·博索纳罗(Jair Bolsonaro)解雇了巴西国家石油公司(Petrobras)负责人,并指派一名将军取而代之。此举显然是为了安抚卡车司机,此前他们因燃油价格上涨而威胁进行罢工。这导致了巴西股市下跌,反映出人们担心博索纳罗会采取更多的民粹主义经济政策。

Colombia’s “special jurisdiction for peace”, founded after the end of a 52 year war between the state and the FARC guerrilla group, said that the army murdered at least 6,402 people from 2002 to 2008 whom it had falsely claimed were combatants(战士). The killings, known as the “false-positives scandal”, were supposed to show that the army was succeeding in the war.

哥伦比亚政府在结束与哥伦比亚革命武装力量游击队长达52年的战争后,成立了“和平特别司法机制”,该立法机构称军队从2002年至2008年假借战争之名杀害了至少6,402人。这场屠杀被称为“假阳性丑闻”,因为本意其实是为展示军队在战争中高歌猛进。

Nicaragua created a ministry forouter space. It will be run by the army, which does not have a space programme.

尼加拉瓜成立了太空部,将由没有太空计划的尼加拉瓜军队进行管理。


【欧洲】

Boris Johnson, Britain’s prime minister, presented his “one-way” road map out of England’s lockdown, listing five dates on which rules may ease if the pandemic recedes(消退). A poll found just half of English people thought it likely that all lockdown restrictions would be lifted by June 21st, the government’s target date.

英国首相鲍里斯·约翰逊(Boris Johnson)提出了英国解封路线图,罗列出若疫情缓解的五个逐步开放日期。一项民意调查发现,只有半数英国人认为政府能够在预定的6月21日之前解除所有封锁限制。


【欧亚】

A leaked email showed that Amnesty International, a watchdog, had decided that Alexei Navalny was not, after all, a “prisoner of conscience”. The Russian opposition leader has just been locked up on bogus(伪造的) charges. However, several years ago he made some xenophobic comments. Amnesty’s much-derided(v. 嘲笑) move followed a lavishly funded Kremlin campaign to discredit Mr Navalny.

一封泄露的电子邮件表明,监察组织国际特赦组织认为阿列克谢·纳瓦尼(Alexei Navalny)算不上“良心犯”(国际特赦组织所创造的名词,特指因政治等因素而入狱的犯人)。这位俄罗斯反对派领导人刚因虚假指控蒙冤入狱,但几年前他也曾发表过仇外言论。国际特赦组织愚蠢泄露的这封邮件是针对此前克里姆林宫大花手笔使纳瓦尔尼声名狼藉。


【亚洲】

The UN’s nuclear watchdog reached a deal with Iran that will allow it to continue monitoring the country’s nuclear activities for up to three months. Iran, however, said it would no longer allow snap inspections by monitors and would restrict their access to data at nuclearsites, violations of the deal it signed with world powers in 2015.

联合国的核监督机构与伊朗达成协议,在接下来的三个月时间内将继续监测伊朗的核活动。然而,伊朗表示将不再允许监测员进行突击检查,并将限制他们访问核电站数据,这违反了它于2015年与各国签署的协议。

A German court sentenced a former Syrian intelligence officer to four-and-a-half years in jail for helping to arrest protesters who were then tortured and murdered by the regime of Bashar al-Assad. It was the first of what could be a series of trials of Syrian officials under the principle of “universal jurisdiction”, which allows serious atrocities(暴行) to be tried anywhere.

德国一家法院判决一名叙利亚前情报官员协助逮捕示威者并判处其四年半监禁,被其逮捕的示威者们后来惨遭巴沙尔·阿萨德政权折磨并杀害。这起判决或将成为首次根据“普遍管辖权”原则(国际法原则之一,若犯罪情节危害全人类,任何国家都有权加以惩罚)对叙利亚官员进行系列审判的第一步,该原则允许任何国家针对严重恶行进行审判。

Israel said it would begin easing lockdown restrictions. Over half its population has received at least one shot of vaccine. An inoculation drive began in the Gaza Strip, following the delivery of doses donated by Russia and the United Arab Emirates.

以色列表示将开始放松封锁限制。目前超过一半人口至少接种了一针疫苗。在俄罗斯和阿拉伯联合酋长国捐赠了一定剂量的疫苗之后,加沙地带开始了接种工作。

Police in Georgia arrested the country’s main opposition leader, Nika Melia, in a raid on his party’s headquarters. Earlier, the country’s prime minister resigned over the order to arrest Mr Melia, which was issued by a court. He warned that it would destabilise the country.

格鲁吉亚警方突击了主要反对派总部并逮捕了其领导人尼卡·梅里亚(Nika Melia)。此前,格鲁吉亚总理因命令法院下发逮捕令拘捕梅里亚而宣布辞职。他警告称这将破坏国家稳定。

Armenia’s army told the government to resign. The prime minister, Nikol Pashinyan, called it an “attempted coup” and urged his supporters to take to the streets. Armenia was humiliated in a recent war with Azerbaijan.

亚美尼亚军队要求政府辞职。总理尼古拉·帕辛扬(Nikol Pashinyan)称这是一次“未遂政变”,并敦促其支持者游行抗议。亚美尼亚最近在与阿塞拜疆的战争中惨败。

Protests against the recent military coup gathered pace in Myanmar. A general strike was widely observed. Many civil servants have stopped work, disrupting government services. The army has arrested at least 720 politicians and activists and is threatening protesters with long prison sentences.

缅甸内部针对近期军事政变的抗议活动日渐增多,全国发起多起罢工运动。大量公务员罢工,扰乱了政府工作。军队已逮捕了至少720名政客和激进分子,并以长期监禁威胁抗议者。

Nepal's Supreme Court ruled that parliament, which the government dissolved in December, must reconvene. The prime minister, K.P. Sharma Oli, had ordered the dissolution(解散) to paper over(掩饰) divisions within his coalition. He will now probably face a no-confidence vote.

尼泊尔最高法院裁定,政府于12月解散的议会须重新集会。此前,总理K.P.夏尔马·奥利(Sharma Oli)为掩盖政府内部分裂问题下令解散议会。目前,他或将面临不信任投票。


(中国)

Hong Kong's government said it planned to require candidates for election to the territory's political bodies to swear an oath of loyalty to the government in Beijing. A senior official, Erick Tsang, said the aim was to ensure that “patriots govern Hong Kong”. Patriotism, he said, involves acceptance of Communist Party rule over China.

香港政府表示,计划要求所有香港政治机构竞选候选人都需宣誓效忠北京政府。高级官员曾国卫(Erick Tsang)称,该计划旨在确保由“爱国者统治香港”。他说,爱国主义包含接受共产党对中国的统治。

China revealed that four of its soldiers were killed during a border clash with Indian soldiers last June. An Indian army officer said more than 60 Chinese were killed or injured in the incident. India has acknowledged that 20 of its soldiers died.

中国透露,在去年六月与印度的边界冲突中,有四名中国士兵被杀。一名印度军官则称在该事件中有60多名中国人被杀害或受伤。印度方面还承认有20名印度士兵丧生。

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