《java并发编程实战》基础构建模块（四）

前面了解到闭锁，我们今天深入一下，看看它的其它方面。

我们去StackOverflow上面找个问题：

Java concurrency: Countdown latch vs Cyclic barrier

java的闭锁和栅栏的区别是？

“栅栏类似于闭锁。两者的关键区别在于，所有线程必须同时到达栅栏位置，才能继续执行。闭锁用于等待事件，而栅栏用于等待其它线程。”

来看一个栅栏的例子：

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.concurrent.BrokenBarrierException;
import java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

class Student implements Runnable {
	private final String name;
	private final CyclicBarrier barrier;

	public Student(String name, CyclicBarrier barrier) {
		this.name = name;
		this.barrier = barrier;
	}

	@Override
	public void run() {
		SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMdd HH:mm:ss");
		System.out.println(format.format(Calendar.getInstance().getTime()) + " " + name
				+ ":我去吃个饭先。");
		try {
			Thread.sleep(2000);
		} catch (InterruptedException e1) {
			e1.printStackTrace();
		}
		System.out.println(format.format(Calendar.getInstance().getTime()) + " " + name
				+ ":我到华科大门了");
		try {
			barrier.await();

		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (BrokenBarrierException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
}

public class CyclicBarrierTest {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		int count = 2;
		CyclicBarrier barrier = new CyclicBarrier(count, new Runnable() {

			@Override
			public void run() {
				SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat(
						"yyyyMMdd HH:mm:ss");
				System.out.println(format.format(Calendar.getInstance().getTime())
						+ " 月半小夜曲:好！既然大家都到了！我们就开吧！");
			}
		});
		Student studentA = new Student("匆匆那年", barrier);
		Student studentB = new Student("平凡之路", barrier);

		ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(count);
		executorService.execute(studentA);
		try {
			//模拟B同学3秒之后才收到去玩的通知
			Thread.sleep(3000);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		executorService.execute(studentB);
		executorService.shutdown();
	}
}

某次执行结果如下：

20141112 09:28:22 匆匆那年:我去吃个饭先。
20141112 09:28:24 匆匆那年:我到华科大门了
20141112 09:28:25 平凡之路:我去吃个饭先。
20141112 09:28:27 平凡之路:我到华科大门了
20141112 09:28:27 月半小夜曲:好！既然大家都到了！我们就开吧！

例子参考 Jakob Jenkov

从执行结果分析，我们假设A，B同学被班长（主线程）通知去一起去玩个游戏，B同学被通知的时间晚了3秒钟。之后A，B同学都是要先吃饭，大家吃饭都要花2秒钟。吃饭之后就到了华科大门等对方到来。大家都到了之后就开搞。OK，就是这么一个场景。我们看到在22秒的时刻，匆匆那年同学说他在吃饭，24秒的时候说他在大门了。25秒（22+3）的时候平凡之路也说他在吃饭，27秒的时候她也到华科大门了。27秒他们见面之后，月半小夜曲说既然大家都到了，那就开吧！

我们再来看另外一个闭锁的例子：

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

public class CountDownLatchTester {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(3);

		Waiter waiter = new Waiter(latch);
		Feeder feeder = new Feeder(latch);

		ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2);
		executorService.execute(waiter);
		executorService.execute(feeder);
		executorService.shutdown();
	}
}

class Waiter implements Runnable {
	CountDownLatch latch;

	public Waiter(CountDownLatch latch) {
		super();
		this.latch = latch;
	}

	@Override
	public void run() {
		SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMdd HH:mm:ss");
		try {
			System.out.println(format.format(Calendar.getInstance().getTime())
					+ " " + Thread.currentThread() + " 我饿了，先休息会。");
			latch.await();
			System.out.println(format.format(Calendar.getInstance().getTime())
					+ " " + Thread.currentThread() + " 满血满魔复活，开搞。");
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
}

class Feeder implements Runnable {
	CountDownLatch latch;

	public Feeder(CountDownLatch latch) {
		super();
		this.latch = latch;
	}

	@Override
	public void run() {
		SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMdd HH:mm:ss");
		while (latch.getCount() > 0) {
			// 每2秒喂一下Waiter
			System.out.println(format.format(Calendar.getInstance().getTime())
					+ " " + Thread.currentThread() + " 给Waiter喂点吃的");
			latch.countDown();
			try {
				Thread.sleep(2000);
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}
}

某次执行的输出结果是：

20141112 10:00:03 Thread[pool-1-thread-1,5,main] 我饿了，先休息会。
20141112 10:00:03 Thread[pool-1-thread-2,5,main] 给Waiter喂点吃的
20141112 10:00:05 Thread[pool-1-thread-2,5,main] 给Waiter喂点吃的
20141112 10:00:07 Thread[pool-1-thread-2,5,main] 给Waiter喂点吃的
20141112 10:00:07 Thread[pool-1-thread-1,5,main] 满血满魔复活，开搞。

例子参考 自

与上一篇中用到的闭锁的例子不同，这次是一个线程负责减少latch，另一个线程负责等待。

从栅栏和闭锁的例子看出来，一般情况下，栅栏是等待线程的总数增加到某一个值，而闭锁是等待事件减少到0。