构词法·转化·合成

转化

(一)动词与名词的转换:

如:1.倒退(v.)He backed his car into the garage.

支持(v.)You are not alone,and we are all backing you.

背后(n.)Shes the kind of person who talks about you behind your back.

2.领导(v.)He headed the rebellion.

使……对着某处行进(v.)He headed his boat for the shore.

头(n.)He was shot in the head,dead.

3.缺乏(v.)I lack words with which to express my thanks.

缺乏(n.)Lack of proper funding is making our job more difficult.

(二)动词与形容词的转换:

如:1.越过(v.)The dog succeeded in clearing the fence.

清理(v.)He cleared the table by taking plates,forks and knives away.

清楚的(adj.)To make yourself clear without using facial expressions can be very difficult.

2.打扫(v.)Your shoes need cleaning.

干净的(adj.)Try to keep your room clean and tidy.

3.意味着(v.)What do you mean by saying that?

吝啬的(adj.)He has always been mean with his money.

(三)形容词与名词的转换:

身体好的/井 well

好的/罚款 fine

公平的/展览会 fair

主要的/首领 chief

耐心的/病人 patient

安全的/保险箱 safe

坚定的/公司 firm

稳定的/马厩stable

相对的/亲戚relative

平淡的/平原plain

满意的/内容content

具体的/混凝土concrete

合成

1.合成形容词

(1)adj.+present participle

漂亮的good-looking

闻着芳香的sweet-smelling

随和的easy-going

长相一般的ordinary-looking

(2)adv.+present participle

永久的ever-lasting

职位高的high-ranking

畅销货best-selling goods=bestseller

(3)adv.+past participle

著名的well-known

新婚的 newly-married

本地制造的locally-produced

坚信的firmly-believed

密切相关的closely-related

广泛接受的 widely-accepted

穿着随意的informally-dressed

容易形成的easily-formed

牢固的 strongly-built

高度发达的highly-developed

人口稠密的 densely-populated

正式发行的officially-released

正式承认的officially-recognized

(4)n.+present participle

省时的time-saving

耗能的energy-consuming

爱好和平的peace-loving

制片的film-making

伤心的heart-breaking

令人惊叹的breathtaking

说英语的English-speaking

解决问题的problem-solving

令人垂涎的 mouth-watering

赢利的profit-making

(5)n.+past participle

国营的state-owned

由衷的 heartfelt

人造的 man-made

覆盖雪的snow-covered

粗糙的 weather-beaten

国产的home-made

一贫如洗的 poverty-stricken

好奇心驱使的curiosity-driven

个体经营的self-employed

政府支持的 government-backed

(6)n.+adj.

环保的environment-friendly=environmentally-friendly

节能的energy-efficient

有成本效益的cost-effective

(7)adj.+n.+-ed

心不在焉的absent-minded

心地善良的kind-hearted

目光短浅的short-sighted

近视的near-sighted

左撇子的left-handed

头发花白的white-haired

长尾巴的long-tailed

和蔼可亲的good-natured

脾气坏的bad-tempered

思想开明的open-minded

狭隘的narrow-minded

头脑简单的simple-minded

有空调的air-conditioned

(8)n.+-ed

详细的detail—detailed

有经验的experience—experienced

有天赋的gift—gifted/talent—talented

有技能的skill—skilled

2.合成名词

缺点drawback

框架framework

人类 mankind

发源地birthplace

壁炉 fireplace

木柴 firewood

标志性建筑landmark

手电筒flashlight

车前灯headlight

床上用品 bedclothes

白昼 daylight

白天daytime

晚间 night-time

总部/总公司 headquarters

拂晓 sunrise

傍晚 sunset

阳光 sunshine

城市商业区 downtown

小山坡 hillside

合作teamwork

瀑布 waterfall

降雨量 rainfall

视力eyesight

薄饼pancake

仓库warehouse

软件software

硬件 hardware

草地grassland

农田farmland

大陆mainland

祖国homeland

家乡 hometown

笔记本 notebook

台式电脑 desktop

手提电脑 laptop

立场 standpoint

邮递员 postman/mailman

电子邮箱 mailbox

行李箱 suitcase

公文包 briefcase

键盘 keyboard

滑板 skateboard

滑雪板snowboard

冲浪板 surfboard

摩托车 motorcycle

彩虹 rainbow

海岸线 coastline

截止日期 deadline

准则 guideline

标题 headline

雷暴 thunderstorm

航空公司airport

飞机场 airfield

航空母舰aircraft carrier

暴风雪 snowstorm

宇宙飞船 spacecraft/spaceship

航班 airline

野外考察 fieldwork

烟灰缸 ashtray

茶壶 teapot

牙刷toothbrush

战时wartime

军舰 warship

周工作日 weekday

周末 weekend

车间 workshop

野生动物 wildlife

沙尘暴 sandstorm

泥石流mudslide

书架 bookshelf

数据库 database

高速公路 freeway/expressway/motorway

地铁underground/subway/metro/tube

鸡尾酒 cocktail

庭院courtyard

墓地graveyard

手指甲 fingernail

明信片 postcard

观点viewpoint

飞机aircraft/aeroplane

书虫 bookworm

蚕 silkworm

蚯蚓 earthworm

蝴蝶 butterfly

蜻蜓 dragonfly

萤火虫firefly

花生peanut

板栗 chestnut

核桃walnut

椰子 coconut

突破 breakthrough(n.)

外卖食物 take-away

聚会 get-together

化妆品 make-up

机构 set-up

瞭望台 lookout

收银台 checkout

体检 check-up

中间人 go-between

成年人grown-up

儿媳daughter-in-law

温室greenhouse

下落 whereabouts

故障breakdown

倒计时 countdown

密码password

关键词keyword

养育 upbringing

爆发 outbreak(break out)

衰败 downfall(fall down)

收入 income(come in)

结果 outcome(come out)

旁观者 onlooker(look on)

输入input(put in)

输出/产量output(put out)

出口 outlet(let out)