Words
Adequate, appreciate, compress, confession, compare, impose, precarious, reflect
Expressions
A bird's-eye view, all but, give force to, in the nature of, put sth to test, take in, past experience, alter the precarious balance, apply the test, fulfill a need, pursue different faiths
——Adequate|ˈædɪkwət|
adj.
~ (for sth) | ~ (to do sth) enough in quantity, or good enough in quality, for a particular purpose or need 足够的；合格的；合乎需要的
eg:The space available is not adequate for our needs.现有的空间不能满足我们的需要。
反义词:inadequate
[派生词]:adequacy|ˈædɪkwəsi| [noun.]
[不可数名词]
eg:The adequacy of the security arrangements has been questioned.有人质疑安全措施是否充分。
反义词:inadequacy
adequately [adv.]
eg:Are you adequately insured?你保够了险吗？
反义词：inadequately
——Appreciate|əˈpri:ʃieɪt|
verb.
1.[动词 + 名词短语] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) to recognize the good qualities of sb/sth 欣赏；赏识；重视
eg:You can't really appreciate foreign literature in translation.看翻译作品不能真正欣赏到外国文学原著的美妙之处。
2.(not usually used in the progressive tenses 通常不用于进行时)to be grateful for sth that sb has done; to welcome sth 感激；感谢；欢迎
eg:[动词 + 名词短语]
I'd appreciate some help.如果有人帮忙我将非常感激。
[动词 + -ing短语]
I don't appreciate being treated like a second-class citizen.我不愿被人当作二等公民。
[动词 + 名词短语 + -ing短语]
We would appreciate you letting us know of any problems.如有任何问题，请告诉我们。
3.(not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) to understand that sth is true 理解；意识到；领会 【同义词】realize
eg:[动词 + 名词短语]
What I failed to appreciate was the distance between the two cities.我没有意识到这两座城市间的距离。
[动词 + wh-从句]
I don't think you appreciate how expensive it will be.我想你不了解它会有多昂贵。
[动词 (+ that从句)]
We didn't fully appreciate that he was seriously ill.我们没有充分认识到他的病情很严重。
4.[单独使用的动词] to increase in value over a period of time 增值；升值
eg:Their investments have appreciated over the years.他们的投资这些年来已经增值。
【反义词】depreciate
——Compress|kəmˈpres|
verb.
1.~ (sth) (into sth) to press or squeeze sth together or into a smaller space; to be pressed or squeezed in this way （被）压紧，压缩
eg:[动词 + 名词短语]
compressed air/gas压缩空气 / 气体
[单独使用的动词]
Her lips compressed into a thin line.她的双唇抿成了一道缝。
2.[动词 + 名词短语] ~ sth (into sth) to reduce sth and fit it into a smaller space or amount of time 精简；浓缩；压缩 【同义词】condense
eg:The main arguments were compressed into one chapter.主要的论证被压缩进了一个章节。
3.[动词 + 名词短语](computing 计) to make computer files, etc. smaller so that they use less space on a disk, etc. 压缩（文件等） 【反义词】decompress
[派生词]compression |kəmˈpreʃn| [noun.]
[不可数名词]
eg:the compression of air空气的压缩
noun.|ˈkɒmpres; 美 ˈkɑ:m-|
a cloth that is pressed onto a part of the body to stop the loss of blood, reduce pain, etc. （止血、减痛等的）敷布，压布
——Confession|kənˈfeʃn|
noun.
1.[可数名词, 不可数名词] a statement that a person makes, admitting that they are guilty of a crime; the act of making such a statement 供词；供状；认罪；供认；坦白
eg:After hours of questioning by police, she made a full confession.经过警察数小时的审问，她才供认了全部罪行。
2.[可数名词, 不可数名词] a statement admitting sth that you are ashamed or embarrassed about; the act of making such a statement （对使自己羞愧或尴尬的事的）表白，承认
【同义词】admission
eg:I've a confession to make─I lied about my age.我有错要承认——我谎报了年龄。
3.[不可数名词, 可数名词] (especially in the Roman Catholic Church 尤指罗马天主教会) a private statement to a priest about the bad things that you have done （向神父作的）告罪；告解
eg:to hear sb's confession听某人告解
4.[可数名词](formal) a statement of your religious beliefs, principles, etc. （宗教的）信仰表白
eg:a confession of faith宗教信仰表白
——compare|kəmˈpeə(r); 美 -ˈper|
verb.
1.(abbr. cf., cp.) [动词 + 名词短语] ~ A and B | ~ A with/to B to examine people or things to see how they are similar and how they are different 比较；对比
eg:It is interesting to compare their situation and ours.把他们的状况与我们的相比很有意思。
2.[单独使用的动词] ~ with/to sb/sth to be similar to sb/sth else, either better or worse 与…类似（或相似）
eg:This school compares with the best in the country (= it is as good as them) .这所学校可与全国最好的学校媲美。
3.[动词 + 名词短语] ~ A to B to show or state that sb/sth is similar to sb/sth else 表明…与…相似；将…比作
eg:The critics compared his work to that of Martin Amis.评论家把他的作品和马丁·埃米斯的相提并论。
noun.
【习语】beyond/without compare
(literary) better than anything else of the same kind 无与伦比；举世无双
——impose|ɪmˈpəʊz; 美 ɪmˈpoʊz|
verb.
1.[动词 + 名词短语] ~ sth (on/upon sth/sb) to introduce a new law, rule, tax, etc.; to order that a rule, punishment, etc. be used 推行，采用（规章制度）；强制实行
eg:A new tax was imposed on fuel.当局开始对燃油征收一项新税。
2.[动词 + 名词短语] ~ sth (on/upon sb/sth) to force sb/sth to have to deal with sth that is difficult or unpleasant 迫使；把…强加于
eg:to impose limitations/restrictions/constraints on sth强行限制 / 管制 / 约束某事物
3.[动词 + 名词短语] ~ sth (on/upon sb) to make sb accept the same opinions, wishes etc. as your own 使（别人）接受自己的意见
eg:She didn't want to impose her values on her family.她并不想勉强家人接受自己的价值观。
4.[单独使用的动词] ~ (on/upon sb/sth) to expect sb to do sth for you or to spend time with you, when it may not be convenient for them 勉强（某人做某事）；硬要…和…在一起
eg:Everyone imposes on Dave's good nature.大家都欺负戴夫脾气好。
5.[动词 + 名词短语] ~ yourself (on/upon sb/sth) to make sb/sth accept or be aware of your presence or ideas 使接受，使意识到（自己的在场或想法）
eg:European civilization was the first to impose itself across the whole world.欧洲文明是最先传扬到全世界的。
——precarious|prɪˈkeəriəs; 美 -ˈker-|
adj.
1.(of a situation 情势) not safe or certain; dangerous 不稳的；不确定的；不保险的；危险的
eg:He earned a precarious living as an artist.作为一个艺术家，他过的是朝不保夕的生活。
2.likely to fall or cause sb to fall 摇摇欲坠的；不稳固的
eg:That ladder looks very precarious.那梯子看来摇摇晃晃的。
【派生词】precariously adv.
eg:The economy is precariously close to recession.经济濒于衰退的边缘。
precariousness noun [不可数名词]
——reflect|rɪˈflekt|
verb.
1.[动词 + 名词短语][常用被动态] ~ sb/sth (in sth) to show the image of sb/sth on the surface of sth such as a mirror, water or glass 反映；映出（影像）
eg:His face was reflected in the mirror.他的脸映照在镜子里。
2.[动词 + 名词短语] to throw back light, heat, sound, etc. from a surface 反射（声、光、热等）
eg:The windows reflected the bright afternoon sunlight.窗户反射着午后明媚的阳光。
3.[动词 + 名词短语] to show or be a sign of the nature of sth or of sb's attitude or feeling 显示，表明，表达（事物的自然属性或人们的态度、情感等）
eg:Our newspaper aims to reflect the views of the local community.我们的报纸旨在表达当地人民的心声。
4.~ (on/upon sth) to think carefully and deeply about sth 认真思考；沉思
eg:[单独使用的动词]
Before I decide, I need time to reflect.在作出决定以前，我需要时间认真考虑考虑。
[动词 (+ that从句)]
On the way home he reflected that the interview had gone well.回家的路上，他琢磨着这次面试非常顺利。
[also 动词 + wh-从句, 动词 + 直接引语]
习语
reflect well, badly, etc. on sb/sth
to make sb/sth appear to be good, bad, etc. to other people 使给人以好的（坏的或其他）印象
eg:This incident reflects badly on everyone involved.这一事件给所有相关人士都造成了恶劣影响。
——A bird's-eye view
a bird's-eye view (of sth)a view of sth from a high position looking down 鸟瞰；俯视
——All but
1.almost 几乎；差不多
eg:The party was all but over when we arrived.我们到的时候，聚会都快要结束了。
2.everything or everyone except sth/sb 除…外全部
eg:All but one of the plates were damaged.除去一只，盘子全打碎了。
——Give force to
给力
——In the nature of
in the nature of sthsimilar to sth; a type of sth; in the style of sth 与…类似；…之类；以…风格
eg:His speech was in the nature of an apology.他的话也就是道歉。
——Put sth to test
put sb/sth to the test to put sb/sth in a situation which will show what their or its true qualities are 使受考验；使受检验
eg:His theories have never really been put to the test.他的理论从未真正经受过检验。
——Take in
1.(PHRASAL VERB) 收留，收容(尤指无家可归者或逃难者) If you take someone in, you allow them to stay in your house or your country, especially when they do not have anywhere to stay or are in trouble.
eg: He persuaded Jo to take him in.他说服乔把他收留了下来。
2.(PHRASAL VERB) (警察)带走，抓走 If the police take someone in, they remove them from their home in order to question them.
eg:The police have taken him in for questioning in connection with the murder of a girl.警察把他带到警局讯问有关一个女孩被害案件的情况。
2. (PHRASAL VERB) 欺骗;使上当 If you are taken in by someone or something, you are deceived by them, so that you get a false impression of them.
eg: I married in my late teens and was taken in by his charm — which soon vanished.我十八九岁时结了婚，那时被他的魅力所迷惑——可他的魅力很快就荡然无存。
4. (PHRASAL VERB) 理解;领会;领悟 If you take something in, you pay attention to it and understand it when you hear it or read it.
eg: Lesley explains possible treatments but you can tell she's not taking it in.莱斯利解释了各种可行的疗法，不过，你可以看出来，她并没有领会。
5. (PHRASAL VERB) (一下子)看清，看明白 If you take something in, you see all of it at the same time or with just one look.
eg:The eyes behind the lenses were dark and quick-moving, taking in everything at a glance.镜片后面的黑眼睛快速转动着，扫一眼就全都记下了。
6. (PHRASAL VERB) 观看;欣赏;参观 If you take in something such as a film or a museum, you go to see it.
eg: I was wondering if you might want to take in a movie with me this evening.不知道今晚你愿不愿意和我一起去看场电影？
7. (PHRASAL VERB) (人、动物或植物)摄入，吸收 If people, animals, or plants take in air, drink, or food, they allow it to enter their body, usually by breathing or swallowing.
eg: They will certainly need to take in plenty of liquid.它们当然需要吸收大量液体。
8. (PHRASAL VERB) 容纳;装下;盛下 If one thing takes in another, it is big enough to include the other thing within it.
eg: Ethiopia's large territorial area takes in a population of more than 40 million people.埃塞俄比亚广袤的国土上生活着 4,000 多万人口。
9. (PHRASAL VERB) 将(衣物)改小 If you take in a dress, jacket, or other item of clothing, you make it smaller and tighter.
eg: She had taken in the grey dress so that it hugged her thin body.她把那件灰色连衣裙改小了，这样正好紧裹住她那纤瘦的身体。
10. (PHRASAL VERB) (商店、饭店、剧院等商业机构)收入，进账 If a store, restaurant, theatre, or other business takes in a certain amount of money, they get that amount from people buying goods or services.
eg: They plan to take in $1.6 billion.他们计划要收入 16 亿美元。