poj Fibonacci 矩阵快速幂
题目链接：点我
Description
In the Fibonacci integer sequence, F0 = 0, F1 = 1, and Fn = Fn − 1 + Fn − 2 for n ≥ 2. For example, the first ten terms of the Fibonacci sequence are:
0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, …
An alternative formula for the Fibonacci sequence is
.
Given an integer n, your goal is to compute the last 4 digits of Fn.
Input
The input test file will contain multiple test cases. Each test case consists of a single line containing n (where 0 ≤ n ≤ 1,000,000,000). The end-of-file is denoted by a single line containing the number −1.
Output
For each test case, print the last four digits of Fn. If the last four digits of Fn are all zeros, print ‘0’; otherwise, omit any leading zeros (i.e., print Fn mod 10000).
Sample Input
0
9
999999999
1000000000
-1
Sample Output
0
34
626
6875
Hint
As a reminder, matrix multiplication is associative, and the product of two 2 × 2 matrices is given by
.
Also, note that raising any 2 × 2 matrix to the 0th power gives the identity matrix:
.
大佬博客：点我
这里应用到矩阵快速幂，矩阵快速幂是用来求解递推式的，所以第一步先要列出递推式:
f(n)=f(n-1)+f(n-2)；第二步是建立矩阵递推式，找到转移矩阵:
,简写成T * A(n-1)=A(n)，T矩阵就是那个2 乘2的常数矩阵，而
这里就是个矩阵乘法等式左边:1f(n-1)+1f(n-2)=f(n);1f(n-1)+0f(n-2)=f(n-1);
这里还是说一下构建矩阵递推的大致套路,一般An与A(n-1)都是按照原始递推式来构建的，当然可以先猜一个An,主要是利用矩阵乘法凑出矩阵T,第一行一般就是递推式，后面的行就是不需要的项就让与其的相乘系数为0。矩阵T就叫做转移矩阵(一定要是常数矩阵),它能把A(n-1)转移到A(n);然后这就是个等比数列，直接写出通项:此处A1叫初始矩阵。所以用一下矩阵快速幂然后乘上初始矩阵就能得到An,这里An就两个元素(两个位置)，根据自己设置的A(n)对应位置就是对应的值，按照上面矩阵快速幂写法，res[1][1]=f(n)就是我们要求的。
这里给出实现代码：
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