OSPF实验1:基本的OSPF配置

OSPF实验1:基本的OSPF配置

实验级别: Assistant
 
 
实验拓扑:
 
 
  OSPF实验1:基本的OSPF配置_第1张图片
实验步骤:
 
1.      首先在 3 台路由器上配置物理接口,并且使用 ping 命令确保物理链路的畅通。
 
2.      在路由器上配置 loopback 接口:
R1(config)#int loopback 0
R1(config-if)#ip add 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
R2(config)#int loopback 0
R2(config-if)#ip add 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.0
R3(config)#int loopback 0
R3(config-if)#ip add 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.0
      路由器的 RID 是路由器接口的最高的 IP 地址,当有环回口存在是,路由器将使用环回口的最高 IP 地址作为起 RID ,从而保证 RID 的稳定。
 
3 3 台路由器上分别启动 ospf 进程,并且宣告直连接口的网络。
R1(config)#router ospf 10
R1(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
R1(config-router)#network 1.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
R1(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0.0.0.255 area 0
    ospf 的进程号只有本地意义,既在不同路由器上的进程号可以不相同。但是为了日后维护的方便,一般启用相同的进程号。
    ospf 使用反向掩码。 Area 0 表示骨干区域,在设计 ospf 网络时,所有的非骨干区域都需要和骨干区域直连
R2 R3 的配置和 R1 类似,这里省略。不同的是我们在 R2 R3 上不宣告各自的环回口。
*Aug 13 17:58:51.411: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 10, Nbr 2.2.2.2 on Serial1/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done
配置结束后,我们可以看到邻居关系已经到达 FULL 状态。

4.
R1 上查看路由表,可以看到以下信息:
    R1#show ip route
    Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
 
      Gateway of last resort is not set
 
       1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
     C       1.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
     C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0
     O    192.168.2.0/24 [110/65] via 192.168.1.2, 00:03:42, Serial1/0
     C    192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/
    我们看到 R1 学到了 192.168.2.0/24 这个网段的路由。后面的数字 [110/65] ,分别表示 OSPF 的管理距离( AD )和路由的 Metric
OSPF Metric 值是由 cost 值逐跳累加的。 Cost=100Mb/ 带宽值。
 
5. R1 show ip ospf neighbor show ip ospf interface
   R1#show ip ospf neighbor
 
Neighbor ID     Pri   State           Dead Time   Address         Interface
3.3.3.3           1   FULL/BDR        00:00:34    192.168.3.3     FastEthernet0/0
2.2.2.2           0   FULL/  -        00:00:32    192.168.1.2     Serial1/0
 
我们看到 R1 R3 选取了 DR BDR ,而 R1 R2 没有选取。
 
ospf 的五种网络类型中。 Point-to-Point,Point-to-Multipoint( 广播与非广播 ) 这三种网络类型不选取 DR BDR; Broadcast,NBMA 选取 DR BDR
 
R1#show ip ospf interface
FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up
  Internet Address 192.168.3.1/24, Area 0
  Process ID 10, Router ID 1.1.1.1, Network Type BROADCAST, Cost: 1
  Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State DR, Priority 1
  Designated Router (ID) 1.1.1.1, Interface address 192.168.3.1
  Backup Designated router (ID) 3.3.3.3, Interface address 192.168.3.3
  Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5
    oob-resync timeout 40
    Hello due in 00:00:03
  Index 3/3, flood queue length 0
  Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)
  Last flood scan length is 1, maximum is 1
  Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec
  Neighbor Count is 1, Adjacent neighbor count is 1
    Adjacent with neighbor 3.3.3.3  (Backup Designated Router)
  Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)
Serial1/0 is up, line protocol is up
  Internet Address 192.168.1.1/24, Area 0
  Process ID 10, Router ID 1.1.1.1, Network Type POINT_TO_POINT, Cost: 64
  Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_POINT,
  Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5
    oob-resync timeout 40
    Hello due in 00:00:02
  Index 1/1, flood queue length 0
  Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)
  Last flood scan length is 1, maximum is 1
  Last flood scan time is 4 msec, maximum is 4 msec
  Neighbor Count is 1, Adjacent neighbor count is 1
    Adjacent with neighbor 2.2.2.2
  Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)
Loopback0 is up, line protocol is up
  Internet Address 1.1.1.1/24, Area 0
  Process ID 10, Router ID 1.1.1.1, Network Type LOOPBACK, Cost: 1
  Loopback interface is treated as a stub Host
 
在这里我们看到环回口的网络网络类型是 Loopback ,这是一种特殊的网络类型,只针对环回口存在。我们到 R2 上看看路由表:
 
R2#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
 
Gateway of last resort is not set
 
     1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O       1.1.1.1 [110/65] via 192.168.1.1, 00:12:34, Serial1/0
     2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       2.2.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0
C    192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/1
O    192.168.3.0/24 [110/65] via 192.168.1.1, 00:12:34, Serial1/0
                    [110/65] via 192.168.2.3, 00:12:34, Serial1/1
 
R2 的路由表显示来自环回口的路由,掩码为 /32 ,既我们所说的“主机路由”。在实际应用中,环回口以 32 位的居多,用作 ospf 的管理接口。但是如果你想让环回口模拟一个网段,我们可以通过以下配置来消除。
 
R1(config)#int loopback 0
R1(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-point
 
环回口只能配置成 point-to-point 这种类型,不可以配置成其它的类型。
 
回到 R2 查看路由表:
 
R2#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
 
Gateway of last resort is not set
 
     1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O       1.1.1.0 [110/65] via 192.168.1.1, 00:00:24, Serial1/0
     2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       2.2.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0
C    192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/1
O    192.168.3.0/24 [110/65] via 192.168.1.1, 00:00:24, Serial1/0
                    [110/65] via 192.168.2.3, 00:00:24, Serial1/1
 
我们看到主机路由没有了,取而代之的是一个 /24 的网段。

你可能感兴趣的:(Cisco,ospf,ccnp,CCIE,OSPF实验)