[2018-04-29]the economist

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通读全文标出不懂得单词和表达

查字典记录上面标出的表达的释义

进行段落翻译并与参考翻译进行对比(尝试翻译为斜体字,在参考翻译中将关键翻译短语黑体标出

根据上面两段中文释义转翻为英文,关注关键短语

分析文章结构和大意

记录自己的观点和看法


harness   n  马具;牵索;日常工作    v 套上马具;利用(自然力)产生能源

merge    合并

think-tank    智囊团

consultancy    顾问工作

reckon    认为;计算

grandios    浮夸的,不切实际的

fret    苦恼,烦恼

vibartion    震动

nudge    轻推

surveillance    监视

idle    虚度,浪费时间;使...空转

ubiquitous    无所不在的

unguardely    不小心的,谨慎的

consent    同意,赞许

预测:forecast predict

公司:company firm

购买:acquisition purchasing

职工:staff worker employee

检测:surveillance    screen for    track    monitor


随着人工智能推动科技工业进步,工作会变得更加公平——或者更加压抑。

人工智能向科技行业以外扩张,它可能会让工作场所变得更公平,也可能变得更高压

As artificial intelligence pushes beyond the tech industries, work could become fairer —— or more oppressive.

人工智能正慢慢走进商业。就像我们这周的报告所揭示的,所有类型的公司都利用人工智能来预测需求,解雇员工和处理客户。2017年,这些公司在人工智能相关的兼并和收购上花费了近22亿元,大约是2015年的26倍。麦肯锡全球研究所,这个做顾问工作的智囊团认为只把AI运用到销售,供给链能够在接下来的20年创造价值2.7trn美元经济价值,包括利润和效率。谷歌老板一直声称AI带给人类的将会比火和电更多。

人工智能横冲直撞,闯入了商业领域。各种各样的公司都在利用人工智能来预测需求、雇佣员工、与客户打交道。2017年。企业在AI方面的并购支出达220亿美元上下,大约是2015年的26倍。咨询公司麦肯锡的内部智库麦肯锡全球研究所认为,仅仅是将人工智能应用到营销、销售和供应链上,未来20年就能创造2.7万亿美元的经济价值,包括利润和效率。谷歌的老板甚至宣称对人类而言,人工智能比火和电的用处更大。

AI is barging its way to business. companie of all types areharnessing AI to predict demand, hire workers and deal with customers. In 2017, firms spend about $22bn on AI-related merges and purchasing acquisition, about 26 times more than in 2016. McKinsey Global Institute, a think-tank within a consultancy, reckons that only applying AI to marking, sales and supply chains will creat economic value, including profits and efficiencies, in 20 years  of $2.7trn over next 20 years. Google's boss has gone so far as to declare that AI will do more for human  humanity than fire and electric.

如此不切实际的预测点燃了希望也引发了焦虑。很多人为AI对工作的破坏大于创造它感到焦虑。拥有和产生数据的障碍可能会导致在每个产业产生大量的统治的公司。

如此宏伟的预测既点亮了希望,也带来了焦虑。许多人担心AI摧毁就业的速度会比创造就业机会的速度更快,拥有数据和生成数据存在准入门槛,这可能会导致每个行业中只有少数几家公司占据主导地位。

Such grandios prediction kindled hope  and  as well as anxiety. Many fret that AI will destroy jobs faster than creat it. Barries of  to entry to have  from owing and generating data may lead to a handful of dominant companies in every industries.

不被熟知但同样重要的是AI将会如何改变工作环境。运用AI,主管可以很好的职工实施控制。亚马逊公司获得了一项手环的专利,追踪仓库工人手的移动,并用震动来促使他们更加高效。软件公司Workday设置了60种因素来预测哪一个员工将会离开。Humanyze售出可以在办公室周围追踪员工并揭示他们如何和同事工作的智能身份徽章。

人们不太熟悉、但同样重要的一个问题是AI将如何改变工作场所。利用AI,管理者可以非常严密地控制他们的员工。亚马逊获得专利的腕带可以追踪仓库工人手部动作,并通过震动敦促他们提高效率。软件公司Workdays研究了大约60个因素来预测哪个员工会离职。创业公司Humanyze销售的智能工牌可以追踪员工在办公室的动向,显示他们与同事的互动情况。

Not  Less familiar, but as important, is how AI will transform workplace. Using AI, managers can take a extrordinary control of their employees. Amazon has patented a wristband that can tracks hand's movements of workers in warehouse and uses vibrations to nugde them into being more efficient. Workdays, a software firm, had crunched 60 factors to forecas which worker will leave. Humanyze, a startup, sells smart ID badges to track employees arround the office and reveal how well they work with  interact with colleges colleagues.

在工作室实施监控并不是什么新鲜事。公司的职工很早就要进出打卡了;老板可以在他们的电脑上看到是什么让员工们无所事事。但是AI使监控更加广泛,因为每一字节的数据都可能有潜在的价值。几乎没有法律说明这些数据应该在工作中如何被收集。可能很多员工在他们签订职工合同的时候不小心地同意了监控,这回造成什么问题呢?

工作中的监控并不是什么新鲜事。工厂工人一直都在打卡上下班;老板们也已经能看到无所事事的员工在电脑上干什么。但是又了AI以后,就值得部属无处不在的监控了,因为每一个数据都有潜在的价值。很少有法律规定该如何收集工作数据,而许多员工在签订雇佣合同时都会毫无戒心地统一接受监控,这一切会导致什么结果?

Surveillance at work is nothing new. Factory workers have long clocked in and out; bosses can already see what idle workers do on their computers. But AI makes ubiquitous serveillence worthwhile, because every bits of data may have potential worth valuable. Few laws govern how can these data be collected at work, May many employees unguardedly consent to surveillance when signing their employment contract, Where does all this lead? 

信任和监视

Trust and surveillance

首先是好处,AI提高了生产力。Humanyze 公司从工牌中整合的关于员工日历和邮箱的数据反映了公司的布局是否有利于团队合作。Slack,一个工作信息传递的APP,帮助主管评估员工完成任务的速度,公司不仅可以检测到员工什么时候在打瞌睡,而且什么时候行为不检。他们开始用AI去检测不正常的报销,在夜晚的奇数标记收款比人来做更有效率。

先从好处说起。AI应该能提高生产率。Humanyze公司将其智能工牌中的数据与员工的日程表和电子邮箱信息结合分析,可以获得一些发现,比如办公室的布局是否有利于团队合作。职场即时通讯应用Slack帮助管理者评估员工完成工作的速度。公司不仅能发现员工打瞌睡,还能看到他们何时行为不当。公司还开始用AI来筛查费用报销中的异常,把晚间异常时段的发票标注出来,比那些会算账的活人效率更高。

Begin with the benefifs, AI ought to improve productivity. Humanyze merges data from smart budges with workers' calendars and e-mails to work out, say, whether office layouts favour teamwork. Slack, a office message app, helps managers assess how quickly the workers accomplish tasks. companies will see what time employees are not only dozing off, but also misbehaving. They start to use AI to screen for anomalies in expense claims, flagging receipts from odd hours of the night more efficiently than a carbon-based beancounter can.

员工也能从中获益。感谢计算机可视化的进步,AI可以检查员工是否装备安全,并且没有人在工厂受伤。一些人会感谢AI给他们在工作中的反馈并且激励自己做的更好。创业公司Cogito基于AI设计了一个软件,用来监听克服电话并且基于代理人是如何宽容的并多快、多有能力的处理投诉,来评估同情分。

员工也会获益。有赖于计算机视觉的进步,AI可以检查工人是否串号了安全设备,车间是够有人受伤害等。有些人会很高兴获得更多有关自己工作的反馈,并乐于知道怎样做更好。创业公司Cogito设计了一款AI增强软件,可以监听客服电话,根据客服的体恤度、解决客户投诉的速度和能力打出“共情分”

employees will gain too. Thanks to strides in computer vision, AI can check that workers are wearing safety gear and no that one has been harmed on the factory floor. Some will appreciate more feedback on their work and welcome a sense of how to do better. Cogito designed a AI-enhanced software that listens to custom-service calls and assigns a "sympathy score", based on how compasionate agents are and how quickly and how capably they settle complaints. 

设备可以保证升职加薪属于那些值得的人。首先是解雇,人们总是有私心,而合理设计的算法可以更加公平。软件可以指出人可能遗漏的部分。创业公司Textio用AI来改进工作说明,发现女性对发展一个团队而不是管理一个团队更有兴趣。算法将会排除那些管理者可能有意或无意看中的性别、种族因素在工资中造成的差异,甚至是性骚扰和种族歧视。

机器有助于确保加薪和晋升的机会留给那些应得的人,这从招聘就开始了。人往往有偏见,而且如果设计得当,算法能比人更公正。软件可以标识出人可能注意不到的模式。Textio是一家利用AI改进岗位描述的创业公司,他发现女性更有可能应征那种谈及“发展”团队而非“管理”团队的工作。算法会发现不同性别和种族间的薪酬差异,以及人类管理者有意无意忽略的性骚扰和种族歧视。

Machines can ensure that pay rises and promotions go to those who deserve them. That begin with hiring. People always have biases but algorithms, if designed properly correctly, can be more impartial. Software can flag patterns people miss. Textio, a startup thay use AI to improve job descriptions, revealed that women are likelier to respond to jobs that mention developing a team rather than managing a team. Algorithm will pick up differencesin pay between genders and races,as well as sexual harassment and racism that human managers conciously or unconsciously overlook.

AI带来好处的同时也带来了潜在的缺陷。算法可能会包含程序员的偏见,也可能会有不注意的原因。上下班的路程可能能够预测一个员工是否会辞职,但是这可能会非故意的伤害到贫穷的求职者。年龄大的员工可能比年轻的员工工作更慢,如果AI只关注于生产力会使他们丢掉工作。

不过人工智能带来好处的同时也会有许多潜在的缺陷。算法也许难免会受程序员偏见的影响。他们也会产生意想不到的后果。AI或许可以通过上下班路程的长短预测员工是否会辞职,但关注这一点可能会无意中伤害到经济状况较差的求职者。年长的员工可能比年轻员工手脚慢,如果AI只关注生产力,那他们可能就会丢掉饭碗

AI 's benefits come with potential drawbacks. Algorithm will not be free of biases of their programmers. They will have unintended consequences. AI may can use a  The length of a commute may predict whether an emplyee will leave, but the focus will inadvertently harm poorer applicants. Older employee will work more slowly than younger ones, it will  and could risk losing their promotions if all AI concerns is productivity.

监视可能会造成奥威尔效应,人们开始质疑脸书和其他科技代理公司了解多少他们的生活。公司开始检测员工休息多长时间。软件公司Veriato,追踪和检测员工按下的每一次键盘为了无测量他们对公司有多卖力。公司不仅可以用AI去筛选员工的职业交流,而且可以检测出他们的社交侧写。从Slack的名字就可以看出,代表了所有谈话和知识的可调查。

而且监控可能会让人身处奥威尔笔下的世界。这可是一个敏感的问题——人们已经开始质疑Facebook和其他科技巨头究竟掌握了多少有关他们的私生活内容。公司开始监控员工花多长时间在工间休息上。软件公司Veriato的产品甚至追踪和记录员工在电脑上的一举一动,以此来衡量他们对雇主是否尽心尽力。如今企业不仅可以利用AI筛查员工的工作通信,还能详查他们的社交媒体信息。Slack这个名字就很能说明问题——它是一个缩写,代表“所有的对话和信息的可搜索日志”。

Surveillance will feel Orwellian——a sensitive matter that people have begun to question how much Facebook and other tech giants learn about their privacy lives. Firms start to screen  monitor how much time spend on workers breaks. Veriato, a software firm, goes so far as to track and log every keystroke employees make on their computer to gauge how committed the workers are to the company. Companies can use AI to shift through not just workers office  professional communications, but their social-media profiles. The Slack's name is the clue, which stands for “Searchable log of all communcation and knowledge”.

跟踪追踪器

Tracking the tracker

一些人可以比其他门更好的阻止管理者做的太过分。如果技能被需要。你比容易替代的人更能够抵抗这些监视。低工资领域的按小时计费的工作,比如零售,可能更加脆弱。这可能会推动工会的死灰复燃,去代表员工的利益并设置一些规定。即使这样,一些职位就在被机器人代替或被像一个机器人一样对待中选择。

一些人会比其他人更有底气让雇主不要做得太过头。如果市场需要你的技能,那么你就比那些可被轻易取代的人更可能抵挡住这种趋势。在零售业等低薪行业领取小时工资的员工处境尤其不妙。这可能会促使力图代表员工利益、寻求指定规范的工会复兴。但即便真的如此,在某些岗位上将只有这样的选择:要么被机器人取代,要么被当机器人对待。

Some are placed better than others to stop managers going too far. If your skills are in demand, the surveiliance can  You are more likely to resist than if you are easy to replace. paid-in-hours paid-by-the-hour workers in low-wage industries such as retailing may be more  especially vulnerable. It may fuel resurgence of labour unions seeking to represent worker's interests and to set norms. Although  Even then, the choice of some jobs is between being replaced by a robot or being treated like one.

当管理者和被雇佣者权衡AI在工作上的好处和缺点,三条原则应该去指导AI的蔓延。首先,数据应该尽可能的匿名。比如说微软公司,拥有一个产品,显示个人在办公室如何管理时间,但是只将聚合形式的信息给管理者。第二,AI的使用应该变得透明。员工更应该被告知工作场所在使用干什么技术,并且什么数据会被收集。作为惯例,用于公司招聘,解雇和升职的算法应该测试偏见和不注意的因素。最后,国家应该允许个体得到他们的数据,无论他们是想要找到解雇原因的前公司职员,还会希望向可能的雇佣者说明自身能力的找工作的人。

监管机构和雇主在权衡职场应用AI的利弊时,应采用三大原则来指导这项技术的普及。首先,在可能的情况下,数据应该匿名。例如微软有个产品,可向个人展示他们如何管理自己的工作时间,但只向经理们提供整合后的信息。其次,AI的使用应该是透明的。公司应告知员工正在使用哪些技术收集哪些数据。公司用于雇佣、解雇和晋升决策的算法应接受测试,看是否存在偏见或意外后果,而且这应成为常规做法。最后,各国应该允许个人索要自己的数据,不管他们是想就被解雇提出异议的前员工,还是希望向未来雇主展示自己能力的求职者。

As regulators and employers weight the pros and cons of AI at work, three principles ought to guide the spread. First, data should be annoymised where possible. Such as Microsoft, for exemple, has a product that show individuals how they manager their time in the office, but offer managers information in aggerated form. Second, the use of AI should be transparent. Companies should tell workers what techologies are being used in their workplaces and which data are being gathered. As normal routine As a matter of routine, Algorithm used by firm to hire, fire and promote should be tested for bias and unintented consequences. Finally, countries shouls let individuals request their own data, whether they are ex-workers wanting to contest a dismissal or jobseekers hoping to demonstrate their ability to prospective employers.

AI进入职场需要权衡隐私和表现。一个更加公平和高产的工作推动力是一个值得拥有的奖励,但要它不是束缚和反人道主义的。保持其中的平衡需要思考,需要雇佣者和被雇佣者共同的适应,和人道主义的需求。

AI大举进军工作场所,人们需要在隐私和绩效之间权衡取舍。一个更公平、生产率更高的工作场所值得拥有,但如果它束缚了员工,抹杀了人性,就得不偿失了。要在两者间取得平衡需要深思熟虑,需要雇主和雇员都有调适的意愿,还需要大量的人性关怀

AI enter work should  The march of AI into workplace calls for trade-offs between privacy and performance. A fairer and productive workforce is a prize worth having, but not if it shackles and dehumanises employees. Stricking a balance need thought, a willingness for both employers and emplyees to adapt, and a stronge dose of humanity.


参考翻译:APP    经济学人·商论

原文:经济学人20180329    AI-spy: The workplace of the future

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