Ubuntu18.04安装OpenCV3.4.6到conda虚拟环境下

1.去http://opencv.org/releases.html下载，选择3.4.6 sources版本
2.创建名为caffe-ssd虚拟环境(使用python3.6,顺便安装numpy):

conda create -n caffe-ssd python=3.6 numpy

3.激活虚拟环境:

source activate caffe-ssd

4.安装opencv所需的依赖

sudo apt-get update
 
sudo apt-get upgrade
 
sudo apt-get install build-essential cmake pkg-config libatlas-base-dev gfortran unzip
 
sudo apt install python-pip
 
pip install numpy



#可选择安装
sudo apt-get install build-essential
sudo apt-get install cmake git libgtk2.0-dev pkg-config libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev
sudo apt-get install python-dev python-numpy libtbb2 libtbb-dev libjpeg-dev libpng-dev libtiff5-dev libdc1394-22-dev         # 处>理图像所需的包
sudo apt-get install libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev libv4l-dev liblapacke-dev
sudo apt-get install libxvidcore-dev libx264-dev         # 处理视频所需的包
sudo apt-get install libatlas-base-dev gfortran          # 优化opencv功能
sudo apt-get install ffmpeg
sudo apt-get install cmake #如果已经安装过cmake，则该步骤省略
sudo apt-get install build-essential libgtk2.0-dev libgtk-3-dev libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libjpeg-dev libswscale-dev libtiff5-dev
# python3支持
sudo apt install python3-dev python3-numpy
# streamer支持
sudo apt install libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-dev libgstreamer1.0-dev
# 可选的依赖
sudo apt install libpng-dev libopenexr-dev libtiff-dev libwebp-dev

5.编译安装opencv,解压刚才下载的包

unzip opencv-3.4.6.zip

cd opencv-3.4.6

mkdir build && cd build

#这步中的CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX是安装路径，默认的可以是/usr/local，也可以像我一样装在conda的虚拟环境下，PYTHON_EXECUTABLE是用到的python，可以在命令行中输入which python查看用到的是哪个python(替换成你自己虚拟环境中的python)
cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/home/abc/anaconda3/envs/caffe-ssd -D PYTHON_EXECUTABLE=/home/abc/anaconda3/envs/caffe-ssd/bin/python -D BUILD_EXAMPLES=ON -D BUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON ..

make -j20
 
#如果前面CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX选择的是/usr/local，这里需改为sudo make install
make install 

6、验证安装是否成功

 python
>>> import cv2
>>> cv2.__version__
'3.4.6'