hdu 【2115】 C Looooops

C Looooops Time Limit: 1000MS   Memory Limit: 65536K Total Submissions: 21796   Accepted: 5959 Description A Compiler Mystery: We are given a C-language style for loop of type   for (variable = A; variable != B; variable += C) statement; I.e., a loop which starts by setting variable to value A and while variable is not equal to B, repeats statement followed by increasing the variable by C. We want to know how many times does the statement get executed for particular values of A, B and C, assuming that all arithmetics is calculated in a k-bit unsigned integer type (with values 0 <= x < 2 k) modulo 2 k.   Input The input consists of several instances. Each instance is described by a single line with four integers A, B, C, k separated by a single space. The integer k (1 <= k <= 32) is the number of bits of the control variable of the loop and A, B, C (0 <= A, B, C < 2 k) are the parameters of the loop.   The input is finished by a line containing four zeros.   Output The output consists of several lines corresponding to the instances on the input. The i-th line contains either the number of executions of the statement in the i-th instance (a single integer number) or the word FOREVER if the loop does not terminate.   Sample Input 3 3 2 16 3 7 2 16 7 3 2 16 3 4 2 16 0 0 0 0 Sample Output 0 2 32766 FOREVER Source CTU Open 2004

#include <cstdio>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstring>
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;

void exgcd(long long a,long long b,long long &d, long long& x, long long& y)
{
    if(b == 0)
    {
        x = 1;
        y = 0;
        d = a;
        return ;
    }
    exgcd(b, a%b, d, x, y);
    int temp = x;
    x = y;
    y = temp - a/b*y;
}

int main()
{
    long long A,B,C,k,x,y,a,b,c,d;
    while(scanf("%I64d%I64d%I64d%I64d", &A, &B, &C, &k) != EOF)
    {
        if(!A && !B && !C && !k) break;
        a = C;
        b = 1LL << k;
        c = B - A;
        exgcd(a,b,d,x,y);
        if(c%d)
            printf("FOREVER\n");
        else
        {
            long long mod = b/d;
            x *= (c/d);
            x = (x%mod + mod)%mod;
            printf("%I64d\n", x);
        }
    }
    return 0;
}