kruskal算法 求最小生成树（邻接表 无向图) C实现

算法描述：

该算法的核心就是贪婪算法。  连续的按照最小权选择边，并且当所选的边不产生圈时把他作为取定的边。

核心代码：

int find_set(int x)// 找到根节点 
	{
		if(parent[x] == x)
			return x;
		return parent[x] = find_set(parent[x]);// 路径压缩	提高查找效率 
	}
		
bool cmp( e_data a, e_data b)// 对边 按照权重进行排序 
	{
		if(a.weight != b.weight)
			return a.weight < b.weight;
		else
			return a.u < b.u;//如果 权重相同时 按照边起点序号排序		
	}
	
init_set(int i)
	{
		parent[i] = i;
		count[i] = 1;//起始 该树节点数为 1 
	}
	
void union_set(int root1, int root2)
	{
		if(root1 == root2)
			return;
		if(count[root1] > count[root2])
			parent[root2] = root1;
		else{
			if(count[root1] == count[root2])
				count[root2]++;
			parent[root1] = root2;	
		}			
	}
			
void kruskal(Graph g)
	{
		int i;
		int sum = 0;
		ENode *p;
		int index = 0;

		for(i = 0; i < g.vex_num; i++ ){
			p = g.vex[i].first_edge;
			while(p != NULL){
				if(p->ivex > i){ //防止重复录入边 
					edges[index].u = i;
					edges[index].v = p->ivex;
					edges[index].weight = p->weight;
					index++;
				}
				p = p->next_edge;
			}
			init_set(i);//初始化 顶点的根节点信息 
		}
		
		sort(edges, edges+g.edge_num, cmp);//按照边的权重 从小到大排序	
		
		int root1, root2;
		for(i = 0; i < g.edge_num; i++ ){
			root1 = find_set(edges[i].u);
			root2 = find_set(edges[i].v);
			
			if(root1 != root2){
				sum += edges[i].weight;
				printf("%c--%c -> %d\n",edges[i].u+'A',edges[i].v+'A', edges[i].weight);
				union_set(root1, root2);
			}
		}	
		
		printf("\nmin_tree_ = %d", sum);	
	}

完整实现：

#include
#include
#include
#include
#define INFINITY 65535
#define MAXVEX 100
using std::sort;
int parent[MAXVEX]; //记录某个顶点的 parent信息 
int count[MAXVEX]; // 记录子树规模  方便按秩归并 
typedef char VertexType;

typedef struct EData{
	int u, v;
	int weight;
}e_data;
e_data edges[MAXVEX];// 定义 边集合 

typedef struct ENode {
	int ivex;//顶点 索引 
	int weight;
	struct ENode* next_edge;
}ENode;

typedef struct VNode {
	VertexType data; // 顶点 信息  
	ENode* first_edge;
}VNode;

typedef struct Graph {
	VNode vex[MAXVEX];
	int vex_num, edge_num;
}Graph;

char read_char()
{
	char ch;
	do {
		ch = getchar();
	} while (!isalpha(ch));
	return ch;
}

int get_pos(Graph g, char ch)
{
	int i;
	for (i = 0; i < g.vex_num; i++) {
		if (ch == g.vex[i].data)
			return i;
	}

	return -1;
}

void link_last(ENode* list, ENode *last)
{
	ENode* p;
	p = list;
	while (p->next_edge != NULL) {
		p = p->next_edge;
	}
	p->next_edge = last;
}
void create_graph(Graph *g)
{
	int i;
	printf("请输入顶点数和边数:\n");
	scanf("%d%d", &g->vex_num, &g->edge_num);
	printf("请输入顶点信息:\n");
	for (i = 0; i < g->vex_num; i++) {
		g->vex[i].first_edge = NULL;
		g->vex[i].data = read_char();
	}
	int w;
	printf("请输入边 :\n");
	for (i = 0; i < g->edge_num; i++) {
		int p1, p2;
		char c1, c2;
		c1 = read_char();
		c2 = read_char();
		scanf("%d",&w);
		p1 = get_pos(*g, c1);
		p2 = get_pos(*g, c2);
		ENode* node1, *node2;
		node1 = (ENode*)malloc(sizeof(ENode));
		if (node1 == NULL) {
			printf("error");
			return;
		}
		node1->next_edge = NULL;
		node1->ivex = p2;
		node1->weight = w;
		if (g->vex[p1].first_edge == NULL)
			g->vex[p1].first_edge = node1;
		else
			link_last(g->vex[p1].first_edge, node1);
		node2 = (ENode*)malloc(sizeof(ENode));
		node2->next_edge = NULL;
		node2->ivex = p1;
		node2->weight = w;
		if (g->vex[p2].first_edge == NULL)
			g->vex[p2].first_edge = node2;
		else
			link_last(g->vex[p2].first_edge, node2);
	}
}

int find_set(int x)// 找到根节点 
	{
		if(parent[x] == x)
			return x;
		return parent[x] = find_set(parent[x]);// 路径压缩	提高查找效率 
	}
		
bool cmp( e_data a, e_data b)// 对边 按照权重进行排序 
	{
		if(a.weight != b.weight)
			return a.weight < b.weight;
		else
			return a.u < b.u;//如果 权重相同时 按照边起点序号排序		
	}
	
init_set(int i)
	{
		parent[i] = i;
		count[i] = 1;//起始 该树节点数为 1 
	}
	
void union_set(int root1, int root2)
	{
		if(root1 == root2)
			return;
		if(count[root1] > count[root2])
			parent[root2] = root1;
		else{
			if(count[root1] == count[root2])
				count[root2]++;
			parent[root1] = root2;	
		}			
	}
			
void kruskal(Graph g)
	{
		int i;
		int sum = 0;
		ENode *p;
		int index = 0;

		for(i = 0; i < g.vex_num; i++ ){
			p = g.vex[i].first_edge;
			while(p != NULL){
				if(p->ivex > i){ //防止重复录入边 
					edges[index].u = i;
					edges[index].v = p->ivex;
					edges[index].weight = p->weight;
					index++;
				}
				p = p->next_edge;
			}
			init_set(i);//初始化 顶点的根节点信息 
		}
		
		sort(edges, edges+g.edge_num, cmp);//按照边的权重 从小到大排序	
		
		int root1, root2;
		for(i = 0; i < g.edge_num; i++ ){
			root1 = find_set(edges[i].u);
			root2 = find_set(edges[i].v);
			
			if(root1 != root2){
				sum += edges[i].weight;
				printf("%c--%c -> %d\n",edges[i].u+'A',edges[i].v+'A', edges[i].weight);
				union_set(root1, root2);
			}
		}	
		
		printf("\nmin_tree_ = %d", sum);	
	}

void print_graph(Graph g)
{
	int i;
	ENode* p;
	for (i = 0; i < g.vex_num; i++) {
		printf("%c", g.vex[i].data);
		p = g.vex[i].first_edge;
		while (p != NULL) {
			printf("(%c, %c)", g.vex[i].data, g.vex[p->ivex].data);
			p = p->next_edge;
		}
		printf("\n");
	}
}

int main()
{
	Graph g;
	char ch1, ch2;
	create_graph(&g);
	int i;
	kruskal(g);
	printf("\n");
//	print_graph(g);
	getchar();
	getchar();

	return 0;
}