Is BMI a scam?
BMI 是骗局吗?
There are few single measures in health care that seem to carry as much weight as body mass index, or BMI. Many feel judged by it, but after talking with an epidemiologist, two obesity medicine physicians, a health psychologist and a sociologist, none claimed that BMI was a very useful measure of a person's health. And, in fact, some said they would indeed call it a scam.
在医疗保健领域,几乎没有一项单一指标像身体质量指数(或者说 BMI)那样重要。很多人觉得这个指数对他们的身材妄加评论了,但是在和一名流行病学家、两名肥胖内科医生、一名健康心理学家以及一名社会学家交流后,他们中没有一个人说 BMI 是衡量人体健康的有效指标。而且事实上,有些人说他们的确会称其为骗局。
加入会员可查看
Does it accurately describe individual health?
BMI 能准确描述个人健康状况吗?
加入会员可查看
For all its utility as a research tool, body mass index is "fairly useless when looking at the individual," said an associate professor at the University of Ottawa.
渥太华大学的一名副教授说,尽管身体质量指数作为一种研究工具很有效,但“就个体而言,它相当无用。”
加入会员可查看
BMI can't tell, for instance, what percentage of a person's weight is from their fat, muscle or bone. Another problem with BMI is that it was developed and validated mostly in white men. But body composition and its relationship with health can vary depending on your gender, race and ethnicity.
例如,BMI 不能区分到底人体中有多少重量来自脂肪、肌肉或骨骼。另一个问题是,BMI 主要是从白人男性身上研究得出并验证的。但是,身体组成和它与健康的关系会因性别、种族和民族而有所不同。
加入会员可查看
Can BMI be harmful?
BMI 会有害吗?
加入会员可查看
It can be if it's used to set arbitrary goal posts for body size. An associate professor at the Weill Cornell Medical College said that some patients who have lost weight and reached what she sees as their "healthy, happy weight," but who still have a high BMI, may feel that they have to unnecessarily or unrealistically drop more pounds to be considered normal on the scale.***
如果用它来为体型设置任意的目标,它就会有害。威尔康奈尔医学院的一名副教授说,有些减肥后的患者已经达到了她认为“健康、快乐的体重”,但是他们的 BMI 仍然较高,就可能会觉得自己应该减掉更多才是正常的,但这其实是不必要也不切实际的。
加入会员可查看
It can also be harmful if a doctor assumes that a person with a normal body mass index is healthy, and doesn't probe them about potentially unhealthy habits they may have. And if the doctors of patients with higher BMIs focus on weight alone as the cause of any health issues they may have, the doctors may risk stigmatizing patients.
另外,如果医生想当然地认为身体质量指数正常的人就是健康的,却不调查他们潜在的不健康习惯,这也有可能有害。而且如果高 BMI 患者的医生只把体重作为他们可能存在健康问题的原因,就可能会有污名化患者的风险。
加入会员可查看
主编:Raven、虾仁
品控:Raven
审核:Jojo
重点词汇
BMI (body mass index)
/ˈbɑː.di ˌmæs ˌɪn.deks/
n. 身体质量指数,体重指数
相关词汇:mass(n. 质量)
相关词汇:index(n. 指数)
搭配短语:the Consumer Price Index(消费者物价指数)
相关词汇:indexes / indices(复数)
文化补充:BMI 的计算方式是体重的公斤数除以身高米数的平方,根据结果分为 underweight(过轻,BMI 一般小于 18.5),normal weight(适中,BMI 一般为 18.5 - 24.9),overweight(过重,BMI 一般为 25 - 29.9),obese(肥胖,BMI 一般为 30 - 34.9)和 extremely obese(非常肥胖,BMI 一般大于 35)。
scam
/skæm/
n. 欺骗,欺诈
相关词汇:scan(v. 扫描;浏览)
近义词:fraud(n. 骗局)
搭配短语:phone scams / fraud(电话诈骗)
搭配短语:insurance scams(骗保)
measure
/ˈmeʒ.ɚ/
n.(估价、判断的)标准,尺度
词性拓展:measure(v. 测量)
例句:A thermometer measures temperature.
英文释义:a way of judging something
例句:Exam results are only one measure of a student's performance.
carry weight
有影响,很重要
搭配短语:carry weight with sb.(对某人来说很重要)
例句:Her opinion carries a lot of weight with us.
epidemiologist
/ˌep.ə.diːmiˈɑː.lə.dʒɪst/
n. 流行病学家
相关词汇:epidemic(n. 传染病的流行;(一般为社区群体中传播的)流行病)
相关词汇:pandemic(n. 全球大流行)
词根词缀:-logy(表示学科)
相关词汇:epidemiology(n. 流行病学)
词根词缀:-logist(表示“……学家”)
obesity
/oʊˈbiː.sə.t̬i/
n. 肥胖
相关词汇:obese(adj. 肥胖的)
词根词缀:ob-(在拉丁语中表示“完全”completely)
for all
尽管,虽然
近义词:despite
例句:She still loves him, for all his faults.
utility
/juːˈtɪl.ə.t̬i/
n. 有用性,实用性
近义词:usefulness
相关词汇:utilize(v. 利用)
词义辨析:utilize, use
utilize 和 use 都可以表示“使用”,但 utilize 比 use 更加正式,而且 utilize 更偏向于“利用”,强调这种利用的目的是要产生实际效果,相当于 to make practical and effective use of sth.。
相关词汇:utilitarianism(n. 功利主义)
相关词汇:utilitarian(adj. 功利的)
文化补充:功利主义注重实际功效和利益,追求所谓的“最大幸福”(maximum / greatest happiness),认为能增加所有人快乐总和的就是善,反之则是恶。
associate
/əˈsoʊ.ʃi.eɪt/
adj.(通常指大学或者公司里的职称)副的
英文释义:of a lower rank
词义辨析:vice-, deputy, associate
vice-
搭配短语:vice-president(副总统)
deputy
搭配短语:deputy mayor(副市长)
associate
搭配短语:associate editor(副主编)
搭配短语:associate professor(副教授)
validate
/ˈvæl.ə.deɪt/
v. 验证,证实
搭配短语:to validate a hypothesis(证实一个假设)
搭配短语:to validate a contract(验证一份合同)
搭配短语:to validate one's identity(证实某人的身份)
相关词汇:valid(adj. 有根据的;合法有效的)
例句:His identity is valid.
相关词汇:validity(n. 有效性)
例句:His identity has validity.
composition
/ˌkɑːm.pəˈzɪʃ.ən/
n. 构成,结构;(乐曲的)创作;(绘画的)构图;小作文
搭配短语:the demographic composition of society
ethnicity
/ɛθˈnɪsɪtɪ/
n. 民族,族群
词义辨析:race, ethnicity
race(种族)是以“外表”来区别的,正如我们常说的黄种人、白种人等;而 ethnicity(民族或族群),则更为隐性,是按照后天的文化认同来区分的,是由于共同的语言、宗教、文化习俗而产生的归属感。
arbitrary
/ˈɑːr.bə.trer.i/
adj. 随机选择的;无理由的
英文释义:based on random choice rather than reason
例句:He makes unpredictable, arbitrary decisions.
unnecessarily
/ʌnˌnes.əˈser.əl.i/
adv. 不必要地
unrealistically
/ˌʌn.riː.əˈlɪs.tɪ.kəl.i/
adv. 不切实际地
drop
/drɑːp/
v. 使……下降,使……降低;掉落
例句:Many runners dropped to the ground.
例句:Temperatures dropped suddenly.
近义词:lose
近义词:shed
搭配短语:drop / lose / shed more pounds = lose more weight(减肥)
probe
/proʊb/
v. 探查,探究
词性拓展:probe(n. 探测器)
例句:China successfully landed a probe on Mars.
搭配短语:probe into
例句:We don't like others probing into our past.
搭配短语:probe sb. about sth.
stigmatize
/ˈstɪɡ.mə.taɪz/
v. 侮辱,使……污名化
相关词汇:stigma(n. 耻辱,污名)
文化补充:weight stigma / fat shaming(体重污名,肥胖羞辱)